Conventional methods for extraction of the active constituents from herbal plants, in addition to their high processing costs, are harmful to the environment owing to their time and energy consumption, uncontrollable parameters, use of toxic and dangerous solvents, loss of the extract, thermal instability, the contamination of the product with organic solvents and the loss of water-soluble comp...

Finding an environment-friendly and affordable method to remove contaminated soils from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) has now become an attractive field for researchers, with super-critical fluid extraction being an innovative process in the field of contaminated soil treatment. Extraction with super-critical fluid is a simple and rapid extraction process that uses super-critical flui...

An apparatus for extracting organic compounds from soils, sands, and other solid matrix materials utilizes water at subcritical temperature and pressure as a solvent. The apparatus, called subcritical water extractor (SCWE), is a prototype of subsystems of future instrumentation systems to be used in searching for organic compounds as signs of past or present life on Mars. An aqueous solution g...

High-pressure (129)Xe NMR has been used to monitor in real time the self-assembly of reverse water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide micelles in the absence of shear, without the need for sensitivity enhancement techniques such as hyperpolarization.

A general approach for producing biodegradable nanoparticles for sustained nucleic acid release is presented. The nanoparticles are produced by precipitating a water-in-oil microemulsion in supercritical CO(2). The microemulsion consists of a transfer RNA aqueous solution (water phase), dichloromethane containing poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (oil phase), the surfactant n-octyl β-D-...

The conversion of glycerol in supercritical water (SCW) was studied at 510 – 550°C and a pressure of 350 bars using both a bed of inert and non-porous ZrO2 particles (hydrothermal experiments), and a bed of 1 % Ru/ZrO2 catalyst particles. Experiments were conducted with a glycerol concentration of 5 wt% in a continuous isothermal fixed-bed reactor at a residence time between 2 and 10 s. Hydroth...

Dynamical crossover in water is studied by means of computer simulation. The crossover temperature is calculated from the behavior of velocity autocorrelation functions. The results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of the dynamical crossover line is similar to the melting curve behavior. Importantly, the crossover line belongs to experimentally achi...

ABSTRACT A platform is proposed for the extraction of nutraceuticals ingredients from natural products, which includes the following three processes: 1. Single-stage extraction using scCO2 (supercritical CO2). 2. Single-stage extraction using of high-pressure hot water and /or hot water with scCO2. 3. Multistage extraction, with counter-currently contact between scCO2 and H2O with the raw mater...

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been amine-functionalized by eco-friendly supercritical water oxidation. The facilely functionalized MWNTs have high solubility (~84 mg L(-1)) in water and 78% transmittance at 30-fold dilution. The Tyndall effect is also shown for several liquids.