The manuscript describes a method to obtain spectral aerosol optical thicknesses from measurements with a spectroradiometer in the UV-visible range. The direct solar light is inferred from the difference between total radiation and diffuse radiation. The latter is obtained by the use of a sun blocking disc. An error budget is presented. The results are validated against the measurements with a ...

Solar radiation is well known to damage human skin, for example by causing premature skin ageing (i.e. photoageing). We have recently learned that this damage does not result from ultraviolet (UV) radiation alone, but also from longer wavelengths, in particular near-infrared radiation (IRA radiation, 760-1,440 nm). IRA radiation accounts for more than one third of the solar energy that reaches ...

background: in the light of various applications of uv laser in biological system, we have investigated the effect of picosecond uv laser radiation on silkworm bombyx mori. materials and methods: the eggs of nb4d2 of different stages were exposed to pico second pulse laser at 355 nm from nd:yag laser for different durations. results: due to irradiation alterations in crescent larval body markin...

We present a multiwavelength study of the 2005 September 13 eruption from NOAA 10808 that produced total four flares and two fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) within ∼1.5 hours. Our primary attention is paid to the fact that these eruptions occurred in close succession in time, and that all of them were located along an S-shaped magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) of the active region. In o...

The exposure of skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has a destructive effect on keratinocytes by causing DNA damage that can subsequently lead to malignant transformation. Cellular defense mechanisms against this injury begin with the immediate UVB-induced death of damaged cells. In less severely affected cells, cell-cycle progression can be blocked and DNA damage can be repaired through nucl...

illions of vacationers deliberately expose themselves to excessive UV radiation. As a result, the risk of UVrelated skin damage is rapidly increasing. Sun worshippers thus have to expect an increased risk for actinic keratoses (a carcinoma in situ). Most recent estimates prove that about 8 million Germans suffer from actinic keratoses. There is an estimated prevalence of about 15 percent among ...

Comment of the referee: [My main criticism of the paper is that it lacks a Discussion Section where the authors interpret their results and compare them with similar observations that have already been published. For example, why is UV radiation decreasing more rapidly than the visible fraction of the Sun (Page 13483, Line 14)? In addition, reasons explaining the pattern of the irradiance ratio...

Chronic exposure to environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) plays a key role both in photocarcinogenesis and induction of accelerated skin ageing. Sailors commonly experience a significant number of cutaneous problems, related to the exposure to environmental factors due to their working conditions. Among these factors, sun exposure is able to determine both acute and chronic skin damage, mos...

BACKGROUND First-degree relatives of melanoma survivors have a substantially higher lifetime risk for melanoma than individuals with no family history. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary modifiable risk factor for the disease. Reducing UV exposure through sun protection may be particularly important for children with a parental history of melanoma. Nonetheless, limited prior...

Two cultivars of fresh market tomato [Oregon Spring (OS) and Red Sun (RS)] were each grown in two high tunnels at Beltsville, MD covered with a contrasting material of similar thickness (0.152mm) and durability (4-year polyethylene). One covering material (Tyco Tufflite IV) transmitted ambient solar UV radiation from 290 to 400nm (designated+UV) while the other material (Dura-Film Super 4) bloc...