the main purpose of this study is to comparative of two alternative approaches capabilities in the field of religious education pathology. salafism and fundamentalism is moving toward quasi education in religious education; but religious traditionalism and post revivalism can be adopted an alternative approach to religious education. critical analysis and interpretation of concept method used i...

Some Muslim thinkers have had disagreements over the use of the word “‘ishq” in religious texts since many years ago. The main claim made by those who prohibit the use of this word for the sacred associations such as God, the Prophet (s), and Imāms is that the meaning of this word is appropriate only to the material and carnal issues and so, it has not been used in religious texts and its conce...

the part of precipitation that directly meets the water requirements of a plant, is termed the effective rainfall. effective rainfall estimation methods consist of: direct measurement, empirical methods, and soil-water balance modeling. due to the high costs of measurements and storing devices such as lysimeter, empirical and balance methods are most commonly used to estimate the effective rain...

In this paper, the optimizations problems to seek robust solutions under uncertainty are considered. The light robust approach is one of the strong and new methods to achieve robust solutions under conditions of uncertainty. In this paper, we tried to improve the quality of the solutions obtained from the Light Robust method by introducing a revised approach. Considering the problem concerned, ...

Until recently, as the authors point out, the history of medicine had doctors as its heroes. Today, when the concern of most researchers is with the social, professional, and institutional aspects of the history of medicine and more broadly with health and healers of all descriptions, modem scholarship has become "increasingly critical of, or even hostile towards, the profession". No one denies...