A structure M in a first order language L is indivisible if for every colouring of its universe M in two colours, there is a monochromatic substructure M′ ⊆ M such that M′ ∼=M. Additionally, we say that M is symmetrically indivisible if M′ can be chosen to be symmetrically embedded inM (That is, every automorphism ofM′ can be can be extended to an automorphism of M), and that M is elementarily ...

MOTIVATION Certain chemical substructures are present in many drugs. This has led to the claim of 'privileged' substructures which are predisposed to bioactivity. Because bias in screening library construction could explain this phenomenon, the existence of privilege has been controversial. RESULTS Using diverse phenotypic assays, we defined bioactivity for multiple compound libraries. Many s...

In a previous paper, we described a new method for including detailed information about substructure in semi-analytic models of dark matter halo formation based on merger trees. In this paper, we present the basic predictions of our full model of halo formation. We first describe the overall properties of substructure in galaxy, group or cluster haloes at the present day. We then discuss the ev...

Frequent substructure discovery from a collection of semi-structured objects can serve for storage, browsing, querying, indexing and classification of semi-structured documents. This paper examines the problem of discovering frequent substructures from a collection of hierarchical semi-structured objects of the same type. The use of wildcard is an important aspect of substructure discovery from...

Social network is a graph G = [V,E], in which each vertex from V corresponds to a person and each edge from E describes, that two persons know each other. Social substructure of size m is defined as a clique Km in social network G with m of its vertices. In other words, in a social substructure, everybody knows everybody. In this paper, we study the complementary graph G, in which edges represe...

A homogeneous sample of galaxy redshifts in the core regions (R ≤ 0.5 h−1 Mpc) of 12 clusters is used to measure the frequency of substructure with different tests. In 50% of the cases substructure is detected, a frequency which agrees well with previous studies of cluster cores. Magnitude information and rough morphological classes are also available for 80% of the sample, allowing us to confi...

We introduce a method for finding a characteristic substructure for a set of molecular structures. Different from common approaches, such as computing the maximum common subgraph, the resulting substructure does not have to be contained in its exact form in all input molecules. Our approach is part of the identification pipeline for unknown metabolites using fragmentation trees. Searching datab...

Protein template identification is essential to protein structure and function predictions. However, conventional whole-chain threading approaches often fail to recognize conserved substructure motifs when the target and templates do not share the same fold. We developed a new approach, SEGMER, for identifying protein substructure similarities by segmental threading. The target sequence is spli...

We analysed microsatellite genotypes sampled from the Pakistani and Indian communities in Nottingham, UK, to investigate the genetic consequences of substructuring mediated by traditional marriage customs. The application of a recently developed likelihood approach identified significant levels of population substructure within the Pakistani community as a whole, as well as within the finer div...

Gravitational lenses with anomalous flux ratios are often cited as possible evidence for dark matter satellites predicted by simulations of hierarchical merging in cold dark matter cosmogonies. We show that the fraction of quads with anomalous flux ratios depends primarily on the total mass and spatial extent of the satellites, and the characteristic lengthscale d1/2 of their distribution. If d...