Context Measurement of blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration by pulse oximetry (SpHb) could be of value to determine when erythrocytes should be transfused during surgery, but the effect of infusion fluids on the results is unclear. Objective To study the effect of crystalloid and colloid fluid on the accuracy (bias) and precision of SpHb to indicate the venous Hb concentration in volunteers. De...

H S Mohamud1*, E AlGhamdi1, A F Alhetheel2, F M AlMajid3, A H Ahmed4, A M Somily2 and D H Mohamed2 1Transfusion Microbiology Department, King Khalid University Hospital Blood Bank, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Pathology/Microbiology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3Infectious Diseases Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4F...

Priming fluids for cardiopulmonary bypass have been extremely varied, with resultant hemodilution. Furthermore, major surgeries utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass require multiple postoperative transfusions of blood and blood products. The appeal of having a readily available blood substitute for major cardiovascular and neurosurgical operations could prove to be a life saver, while also elimin...

Result: The blood lead levels of participants were found to be elevated (mean 15.3±5.7 μg/dl), in comparison with the standard international levels, in which blood lead levels of >10 μg/dl are designated as lead poisoning. On the other hand, the serum immunoglobulin IgG was within the normal range (mean 1007.1±147.1 mg/dl). However, no correlation was found between the blood lead levels and the...

Drs. Whisenant and Venook have provided us with a summary of the role of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In their abstract they state that there is confusion about whether HAI for unresectable liver metastases is useful, because European studies have been negative; they go on to say that the work in adjuvant therapy has mixed results....

Objectives: The distribution of vivax malaria is uneven in India and Plasmodium vivax is predominant in the North-Western part. Distribution of Duffy blood groups and its prevalence are important for regions where P. vivax predominates, because this molecule on the surface of the red blood cell acts as a receptor for P. vivax. The tribal (aboriginal) and desert area of the state Rajasthan contr...

While many materials are sensitive to light and can be used for making photographs, the present art of photography is based upon one specific process : The light-sensitive material is silver bromide in the form of extremely small crystals held in a layer of gelatin. These crystals are very sensitive to light when the reaction to light is made manifest by the process of development, that is, by ...

This SafetyNet suggests chemical substitutes for commonly used chemicals to promote a safer work environment. Consider using the safer substitute if it works in your process: Sample of Chemical Substitute List. View full list here [1].

In this paper, we address the parameterization problem for traffic envelopes needed for deterministic traffic regulation and service guarantees. A parameterized function is a good “substitute” for a traffic envelope if (i) the substitute is not smaller than the envelope and (ii) no other functions not smaller than the envelope are smaller than the substitute. Analogous to the least square appro...