Prevalence of psychostimulant use is high, and raising in several countries. Nicotine is the legal stimulant causing the most important public health impact. Cocaine ranks among the most used illicit substances after cannabis. Stimulant medications are frequently misused. Psychostimulants can lead to addiction, have physical, psychological and social health consequences and can induce a great d...

We describe the clinical history, diagnostic evaluation, and management of an infant who had congenital Glucose Galactose Malabsorption (GGM), a rare disorder thought to be inherited as an autosomol recessive trait. This infant experienced persistant diarrhea and hypernatemic dehydration during the first months of life and then renal stone on three months follow-up. Diagnosis is based on oral g...

A general practitioner decided that a first-time Scandinavian seafarer with hyperactivity disorder, reasonably well-regulated on dextroamphetamine, was fit for unrestricted work at sea. Carrying amphetamine across US borders is drug smuggling, and when the cruise ship could not supply his medication from local ports, his behaviour became so erratic that he had to be signed off. Doctors providin...

Systemic mastocytosis is an uncommon disorder of mast cell proliferation in connective tissues. Mast cell degranulation may occur on exposure to various stimuli and drugs. The release of histamine, heparin and vasoactive substances such as prostaglandin D2 may cause severe hypotension and other anaphylactoid manifestations. Anaesthetic management should include perioperative stabilization of ma...

Pregabalin is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog used for the treatment of partial epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorder. As a GABA analog, there has been some concern about its abuse liability. The number of case reports on the abuse potential of pregabalin has increased (1,2,3,4). To our knowledge, this is the third case report of pregabalin use disor...

Studies obtaining implicit measures of associations in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Axis I psychopathology are organized into three categories: (a) studies comparing groups having a disorder with controls, (b) experimental validity studies, and (c) incremental and predictive validity studies. In the first ...

The neurobiological model of depressive disorder may be correlated with the animal model on rat, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the increase of cortisol level being specific to the model of depression in women. The neurobiological model of depression in women presents vulnerabilities for some cerebral structures (hippocampus, frontal cortex, cerebral amygdala). ...

objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...

Abstract Appetitive conditioning involves learning to associate previously neutral stimuli with pleasant or rewarding cues. Elements of appetitive underpin various maladaptive consummatory behaviours, including regular consumption unhealthy foods, recreational substance use, and clinical symptoms certain mental disorders (e.g., binge-eating disorder, use disorder). One modifiable mechanism unde...

BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia use psychoactive substances more frequently than the general population. The genetic vulnerability to develop schizophrenia may also increase risk for the development of substance use disorders. We examine this hypothesis by assessing the rates of substance use disorders and nicotine use in non-psychotic siblings of individuals with schizophrenia. MET...