water is an essential yet constrained commodity for human communities and ecological systems depend on it. with population growth and economic development, water resource is increasingly declining. over the past two decades, because of changes in population and climate, and relative welfare increase, the per capita consumption of water has increased. thus, optimal use of available water resourc...

The European Union's pioneering carbon Emissions Trading System, the EU ETS, has inspired countries around world to launch their own CO2 markets. This paper analyses evolution of ETS from a political economy perspective, emphasizing interaction economic principles and interests at pivotal moments, showing how each compromise changed scope for future design choices. We focus on allowance allocat...

the present study is an attempt towards remodeling cost, revenue and profit relationship within the network process. the previous models of data envelopment analysis (dea) have been too general in their scope and focused on the input and the output within a black box system, therefore they have not been able to measure various phases simultaneously within a network system. by using these models...

This article examines the unsanctioned installation of infrastructure for walking and cycling as a site possibility. In contrast to accounts everyday urbanism that see in these kinds interventions possibilities politics which state subsides, I find instead an effort reclaim more progressive purposes. focus on groups calling themselves transformation agencies departments argue DIY is deployed ci...

While head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are associated with profound immune suppression, less is known about the immunological milieu of premalignant oral lesions. The present study shows dynamic shifts in the immune milieu within premalignant oral lesions and when they have progressed to HNSCC. Specifically, this study showed that the premalignant lesion environment consists of in...

We present here the first quantitative measurements of a classic experiment, that “mousetrap chain reaction”. It was proposed for time in 1947 to illustrate reaction occurring nuclear fission. involves several spring-loaded mousetraps loaded with solid balls. Once one trap is made snap, it releases two balls may trigger other traps. The result rapidly flares and then subsides as most traps have...

The issue of management and allocation of resources in cloud computing environments, according to the breadth of scale and modern technology implementation, is a complicated issue. Issues such as: the heterogeneity of resources, resource dependencies to each other, the dynamics of the environment, virtualization, workload diversity as well as a wide range of management objectives of cloud servi...

This paper introduces an effective production optimization and a water injection allocation method for oil reservoirs with water injection. In this method, a two-stage adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) is used. A coarse-grid model is made based on average horizon permeability at the beginning iterations of the optimization to search quickly. In the second stage, the fine-grid model is used to ...

The goals of hub location problems are finding the location of hub facilities and determining the allocation of non-hub nodes to these located hubs. In this work, we discuss the multi-modal single allocation capacitated p-hub covering problem over fully interconnected hub networks. Therefore, we provide a formulation to this end. The purpose of our model is to find the location of hubs and the ...