The aim of the present study was determine optimum processing conditions and nanoemulsion formulation for preparation gingerol shogaol from ginger extract-based subcritical water. For this purpose, nanoemulsions were prepared with rotor-stator homogenizer varied surfactant cosurfactant concentrations (24%, 26% 28% v/v), stirring speed (22,000 rpm, 24,000 rpm). time is adjusted to 30 minutes. de...

A subcritical Hopf bifurcation in a dynamical system modeled by a scalar nonlinear delay differential equation is studied theoretically and experimentally. The subcritical Hopf bifurcation leads to a significant domain of bistability where stable steady and time-periodic states coexist.

This research has demonstrated that simple structural and potential models can qualitatively and quantitatively predict properties in dense hydrothermal solutions of sodium chloride and water using molecular dynamics simulation. The PTFxi behavior of simulated model systems at 250 bar and 21 wt % NaCl compared favorably to experimental data from ambient to near-critical temperatures as represen...

Water, in its subcritical state, can be used as both a solvent and reactant for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. In this study, soybean, linseed, and coconut oils were successfully and reproducibly hydrolyzed to free fatty acids with water at a density of 0.7 g/mL and temperatures of 260-280 " C. Under these conditions the reaction proceeds quickly, with conversion of greater than 97% after 15-...