1. OECD Guidelines are periodically reviewed in the light of scientific progress, changing regulatory needs, and animal welfare considerations. The original acute inhalation Test Guideline 403 (TG 403) was adopted in 1981 (1). This revised TG 403 has been designed to be more flexible, to reduce animal usage, and to fulfil regulatory needs. The revised TG 403 features two study types: a Traditio...

Honeybee, Apis mellifera, is one of the most important pollinators in the world. Since pesticides have been used widely, honeybees are unavoidable at risk exposing to various contaminated sources of residual pesticides while they are engaging foraging activities in collecting nectar and pollens. The effects of various levels of sub-lethal dosages of insecticides on the biology, development and ...

In this expository note, we give a modern proof of Hanson-Wright inequality for quadratic forms in sub-gaussian random variables. We deduce a useful concentration inequality for sub-gaussian random vectors. Two examples are given to illustrate these results: a concentration of distances between random vectors and subspaces, and a bound on the norms of products of random and deterministic matric...

measles virus (mv) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. we studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (bso) on the replication of an aik-hdc strain of mv and its induced apoptosis in vero cell lines. methods: in this study, toxicity of bso on vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentrati...

contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. the aim of this study is to elucidate the accumulation and elimination of copper metal on the gill, muscle and skin tissues of black fish, capoeta fusca. sampling was carried out from qantas of birjand area in...