Since the 1950s a discipline called ‘Artificial Intelligence’ has been gaining significant popularity. The curiosity about creating computers that can think and produce information like human beings allowed scientists computer engineers to contribute this field. Many components such as robots, softwares algorithms have produced due purpose. Like various disciplines, Artificial Intelligence bran...

An analysis of the efficiency degradation resulting from spurious modes in piezoelectric transformers (PTs) is presented this article. Circuit performed on PT equivalent circuit models with both a single resonant branch and two branches (spurious mode included), allowing to be analyzed. Multiple sensitivity analyses were then performed, highlighting frequency difference (between modes) characte...

We present an analysis of data of the black hole candidate and X-ray transient XTE J1550–564, taken with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer between 1998 November 22 and 1999 May 20. During this period the source went through several different states, which could be divided into soft and hard states based on the relative strength of the high energy spectral component. These states showed up as dist...

Recently, hybrid logic circuits based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have been widely investigated to realize zero standby power. However, such CMOS/MTJ suffer from a severe sensing reliability due the limited magnetoresistance ratio (TMR ≤ 150%) of MTJ and large process variation in deep sub-micrometer technology node. In this paper, novel differential amplifier (DSA) is proposed, which t...

In this paper we investigate the structure of the shortest co-cycle base(or SCB in short) of connected graphs, which are related with map geometries, i.e., Smarandache 2dimensional manifolds. By using a Hall type theorem for base transformation, we show that the shortest co-cycle bases have the same structure (there is a 1-1 correspondence between two shortest co-cycle bases such that the corre...