Organic superbases reacted with alkyl iodides (R–I) to reversibly generate the corresponding alkyl radicals (R). Via this reaction, organic superbases were utilized as new and highly efficient organic catalysts in living radical polymerization. The superbase catalysts included guanidines, aminophosphines and phosphazenes. Low-polydispersity polymers (Mw/Mn = 1.1–1.4) were obtained up to high co...

The neodymium(III) complexes with 2-methyl-5-phenylpenten-1-3,5-dione and allyl-3-oxo-butanoate were synthesized. The polycomplexes on their basis and copolymers with styrene and N-vinylcarbazole in ratio 5:95 were obtained by free-radical polymerization. The results of above studies have shown that the configuration of the chelate unit is unchanged during the polymerization. As a result, the t...

A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based macroinitiator (MI) with terminal chloride atom at both ends was prepared by the reaction of PEG-400 with chloroacetyl chloride and used for the cationic polymerization of dodecyl vinyl ether (DVE) yielding ABA type block copolymer. The block copolymer was then used as the surfactant for the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene in the presence...

Commercially available 1,2-PB was transformed into a well-defined reactive intermediate by quantitative bromination. The brominated polymer was used as a polyfunctional macroinitiator for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline to yield a water-soluble brush polymer. Nucleophilic substitution of bromide by 1-methyl imidazole resulted in the formation of polyelectrolyte c...

Without intervention, it has been found that surface-initiated photoiniferter-mediated photopolymerization (SI-PMP) of methyl methacrylate suffers from irreversible termination, which leads to cessation of polymerization. These irreversible termination reactions were successfully reduced by preaddition of tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TED). The poly(methyl methacrylate) layers were also reinitia...

An alkali-hydrolysable surfactant, (1-tetradecyloxycarbonylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, was used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of styrene in water. The polymerization yielded a high molecular-weight polymer almost quantitatively. Addition of a small amount of NaOH to the resulting latex solution precipitated the polymer immediately. Analysis of the centrifuged solid indicat...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of techniques of composite resin polymerization and insertion on microleakage and microhardness. One hundred and eighty class II cavities were prepared in bovine teeth and assigned to six groups: G1 - bulk filling + conventional polymerization; G2 - bucco-lingual increments + conventional polymerization; G3 - bulk filling + soft-start polymeri...

Emulsion polymerization is one of the most important and versatile polymerization processes. About 10 million tonnes of polymer latices are produced annually for a variety of applications, such as coatings and paints. A key step in most applications is film formation upon evaporation of the dispersing medium, rendering aqueous dispersions particularly environmentally benign. Polymer dispersions...

A systematic study for the preparation and structural analysis of poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) composite nanospheres (PSA) and silver nanoparticles loaded poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) composite nanospheres (nAg@PSA) is reported. Poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanospheres were synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) and acrylic acid (AA) in water. Ag nanoparticles (Ag-N...