The problem of explicit generation of unitary operators for atomic systems with degenerate energy levels is considered. The Lie algebra structure is used to derive constructive control schemes for the creation of arbitrary superposition states and selective population interchanges for a transition between two three-fold degenerate energy levels.

OBJECTIVES University students in general face multiple challenges, which may affect their levels of perceived stress and life satisfaction. Chinese students currently face specific strains due to the One-Child Policy (OCP). The aim of this study was to assess (1) whether the levels of perceived stress and studying-related life satisfaction are associated with only-child (OC) status after contr...

Related metabolites can be grouped into sets in many ways, e.g., by their participation series of chemical reactions (forming metabolic pathways), or based on fragmentation spectral similarities shared substructures. Understanding how such metabolite change relation to experimental factors incredibly useful the interpretation and understanding complex metabolomics data sets. However, available ...

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of Cu nanoparticles through a single-precursor route by controlling the growth temperature. Selective adsorption of oleylamine on various crystal planes may play an important role in the growth process. The understanding of this self-assembling process will help us develop reliable and reproducible methods to synthesis other three dimensional nanostruct...