student organizations are active at social, political, cultural and welfare areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in those areas of student life. they have individual and systematic functions in that area too. their presence in university is necessary. this article describes their important functions. student organizations are active at social, political, cultural...

Teacher quality is an important factor in improving student achievement. As such, policymakers have constructed a number of different credentials to identify high quality teachers. Unfortunately, few of the credentials used in developing countries have been validated (in terms of whether teachers holding such credentials actually improve student achievement). In this study, we employ a student-...

The introduction of performance-related pay with Performance Management in the state school sector of England and Wales represents a considerable change in the school management system. After 2000, all teachers were subject to annual goal setting performance reviews. Experienced teachers were offered an extended pay scale based on performance instead of seniority, and to gain access to the new ...

The demands on academic staff in all sectors to adopt best ODL practices to create effective and efficient models of learning in the face of increasing external pressures show no signs of abating. The massification of higher education, diversified access, and pressures to meet institutional visions and research objectives demand of teaching staff an increasingly public design process subject to...

For measuring the usability of web-based services a checklist tool is developed. It presents a modification of SERVQUAL model for measuring service quality extended with usability dimensions. By this tool a quantitative usability index is determined. A case study with university student information system including 179 students is carried out. By a structural equation model the weighting coeffi...

Insurance has an intertemporal aspect as insurance premia have to be paid upfront. We argue that the financing aspect of insurance is key to understanding basic insurance patterns. In a model with limited enforcement, we show that insurance is globally monotone increasing in household net worth and income, incomplete, and precautionary. These results hold in economies with income risk, durable ...

background and aims: examination score is important for destination of students due to educational and occupational issues. this study was conducted to investigate the effect of inhaling the vapor of lavender on summative examination scores in nursing students. methods: this single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 33 nursing students at summative examination session...

introduction: although nursing students spend a large part of their learning period in the clinical environment, clinical learning has not been perceived by its nature yet. to develop an instrument to measure effective factors on clinical learning in nursing students. methods: this is a mixed methods study performed in 2 steps. first, the researchers defined “clinical learning” in nursing stude...

background various studies have been conducted in many countries to determine the perception/awareness about plastic surgery. the present study assessed the views of college students about plastic surgery. methods a questionnaire consisted of nine questions regarding the basic knowledge about plastic surgery was randomly distributed among college students. the students were given 20 minutes to ...

background carrying heavy backpacks by school students at growth age can cause irreversible physical harms. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between backpack weight and the incidence of lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and dropped shoulders in elementary school students. materials and methods this descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015 in abadan, iran, and 383 elementa...