Compact canonical quantization on the light cone (DLCQ) is examined in the limit of infinite periodicity lenth L. Pauli Jordan commutators are found to approach continuum expressions with marginal non causal terms of order L −3/4 traced back to the handling of IR divergence through the elimination of zero modes. In contrast direct quantization in the continuum (CLCQ) in terms of field operators...

this survey is carried out with the aim of investigating iran’s export potentials of agricultural products to member countries of the organization of islamic conference (oic) through use of such appropriate methods as: rca, hs and cosine index. the dates are computed be means of hs data codes in the range of 010000-240000 during 2002-2006. the islamic countries are divided into 3 groups as base...

Motivated by the study of linear quadratic optimal control problems, we consider a dynamical system with a constant, quadratic Hamiltonian, and we characterize the number of conjugate times in terms of the spectrum of the Hamiltonian vector field ~ H. We prove the following dichotomy: the number of conjugate times is identically zero or grows to infinity. The latter case occurs if and only if ~...

This article presents a solution to the path following problem for the planar vertical take-off and landing aircraft (PVTOL) which is applicable to a class of smooth Jordan curves. Our path following methodology enjoys the two properties of output invariance of the path (i.e., if the PVTOL’s centre of mass is initialized on the path and its initial velocity is tangent to the path, then the PVTO...

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Let (φn) be a sequence of holomorphic self-maps of a Jordan domain G in the complex plane. Under appropriate conditions on (φn), we construct an H(G)-dense linear manifold –as well as a closed infinite-dimensional linear manifold– all of whose non-zero functions have H(G)-dense orbits under the action of the sequence of composition operators associated to (φn). Simultaneously, these functions a...

The Heisenberg chain with a weak link is studied, as a simple example of a quantum ring with a constriction or defect. The Heisenberg chain is equivalent to a spinless electron gas under a Jordan-Wigner transformation. Using density matrix renormalization group and quantum Monte Carlo methods we calculate the spin/charge stiffness of the model, which determines the strength of the ‘persistent c...

If ρ(A) > 1, then lim n→∞ ‖A‖ =∞. Proof. Recall that A = CJC−1 for a matrix J in Jordan normal form and regular C, and that A = CJnC−1. If ρ(A) = ρ(J) < 1, then J converges to the 0 matrix, and thus A converges to the zero matrix as well. If ρ(A) > 1, then J has a diagonal entry (J)ii = λ n for an eigenvalue λ such that |λ| > 1, and if v is the i-th column of C and v′ the i-th row of C−1, then ...

A matrix M is nilpotent of index 2 if M = 0. Let V be a space of nilpotent n × n matrices of index 2 over a field k where card k > n and suppose that r is the maximum rank of any matrix in V . The object of this paper is to give an elementary proof of the fact that dim V ≤ r(n−r). We show that the inequality is sharp and construct all such subspaces of maximum dimension. We use the result to fi...

Compact canonical quantization on the light cone (DLCQ) is examined in the limit of infinite periodicity lenth L. Pauli Jordan commutators are found to approach continuum expressions with marginal non causal terms of order L −3/4 traced back to the handling of IR divergence through the elimination of zero modes. In contrast direct quantization in the continuum (CLCQ) in terms of field operators...