Human's exploration of space has changed over time, depending on the expansion limits his knowledge. Space is infinite, but it limited by possibility human The original man knew very little about in which he lived - its shape, size, content, etc. Over began to take shapes that describe it. Those forms are dimensions, increased as knowledge in-creased. Knowledge spread more and more, from Earth'...

Space-time multigrid refers to the use of methods solve discretized partial differential equations considering at once multiple time steps. A new theoretical analysis is developed for case where one uses coarsening in space only. It proves bounds on 2-norm iteration matrix that connect it norm when using same method corresponding stationary problem. When properly defined wavefront type smoother...

This paper aims to present a new analysis framework for assessing disparities among regions (or countries). It combines both economic and social variables, where the economic attributes refer in particular to marked differences in consumption variables. This analysis is also appealing for spatial convergence analyses over time. In our paper, both economic and social variables are included as th...

The HFC model for evolutionary computation is inspired by the stratified competition often seen in society and biology. Subpopulations are stratified by fitness. Individuals move from low-fitness subpopulations to higher-fitness subpopulations if and only if they exceed the fitness-based admission threshold of the receiving subpopulation, but not of a higher one. HFC’s balanced exploration and ...