OBJECTIVE Many lumbosacral fixation techniques have been described to offer a more screw-bone purchase. The forward anatomical fixation parallel to the endplate is still the most preferred method. Literature revealed little knowledge regarding the mechanical stability of lumbosacral trans-endplate fixation compared to the traditional trans-pedicular screw fixation method. The aim of this study ...

in this paper a new optical channel drop filter (cdf) based on two dimensional (2-d) photonic crystals (phc) with hexagonal shaped structure is proposed and numerically demonstrated by using the finite-difference-time-domain (fdtd) and plane-wave-expansion (pwe) techniques. photonic crystals (phcs) are artificial dielectric nanostructure materials in which a periodic modulation of the material ...

A rimless wheel or a without rim, is the simplest example of legged robot and an ideal testbed to understand mechanics locomotion. This paper presents design, modeling, control differential drive that achieves straight-line movement turning. The design comprises central axis with two 10-spoked springy wheels on either side body houses electronics, motors, transmission, computers, batteries. To ...

Background: Schairer and colleagues hypothesized that the slope of any psychometric function for forward-masked probe-tone detection depends upon the standard deviation of an external Gaussian input distribution of probe-tone intensities, which in turn reflects the coupling of an internal Gaussian output distribution to the cochlear mechanical nonlinearity. The latter was postulated to have two...

Numerical study of heat transfer and fluid flow over vertical double forward facing step were presented. The k-w model with finite volume method was employed to solve continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Different step heights were adopted for range of Reynolds number varied from 10000 to 40000, and range of temperature varied from 310K to 340 K. The straight side of duct is insulated wh...

Sensitivity analysis with atmospheric chemical transport models may be used to quantify influences of specific emissions on pollutant concentrations. This information facilitates efficient environmental decision-making regarding control strategies for pollutants that affect human health and public welfare. The multicomplex step method (MCX) is a sensitivity approach enables calculation first- h...

Modelling Large Urban Environments using traditional modelling techniques would prove too time consuming a process. Consequently a method is required for generating large urban environments quickly without requiring a labour intensive process or expensive data. Some approaches to resolve this problem have been undertaken through the use of procedural modelling or statistics. However the test su...