The nonlinear torsional behaviour of small-scale reinforced concrete (RC) beams with continuous staggered spiral as transverse reinforcement stirrups is experimentally investigated. Twelve miniatures RC were tested under torsion load considering the closed shape and compared ones. All scaled down to be one-eighth prototype beam size. main parameters considered in this research are stirrup spaci...

In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of special-shaped reinforced concrete composite columns encased with GFRP core (EGCSSCs) subjected axial load, twenty-seven full-scale EGCSSCs were designed varying parameters: compressive strength (fcc), peripheral (fco), thickness tube (tgfrp), ratio longitudinal reinforcement (ρv), stirrup (ρs) and in cross-section (α). The three-dimensional fi...

Background In 2005, Bangladesh, India and Nepal agreed to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) as a public health problem. The approach this was through improved case detection treatment, controlling transmission by the sand fly vector Phlebotomus argentipes , with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide. Initially, applied DDT stirrup pumps for IRS, however, did not reduce transmission....

For decades, coral reef ecosystems have been in decline due to environmental stressors such as rising sea temperatures, increased disease prevalence, and other local anthropogenic sources. Considering this decline, restoration efforts the Caribbean implemented promote recovery with a focus on genus Acropora. Current methods target threatened species Acropora cervicornis A. palmata , but little ...

Long-leg bracing affords ambulatory potential and helps reduce the incidence of deformity in patients with paralysis or weakness caused by lesions of the spinal cord. The conventional long-leg brace or knee-ankle orthosis (KAO) consists of double metal uprights, drop locks or bail locks at the knee, double action ankle joints with anterior and posterior pin stops, metal stirrup, and steel shank...

It is an axiom of human history that whatever technology is available will be applied in warfare as one side or the other seeks to gain an advantage. Humans are unique among the species in their capacity for fighting prolonged conflicts where the nature of the war reflects the types of technologies available. Stone, metal, leather, wood, domesticated animals, wheels, etc. were each exploited by...

ANTHONY DENT (editor), The horse through fifty centuries of civilization, London, Phaidon Press, 1974, 4to, pp. 288, illus., £8.95. For more than five thousand years until about sixty years ago, the history of the horse was the history of man. Although the dog has been man's best animal friend, the horse has been much more a part of his civilization than any other of his domesticated animals. A...

ANTHONY DENT (editor), The horse through fifty centuries of civilization, London, Phaidon Press, 1974, 4to, pp. 288, illus., £8.95. For more than five thousand years until about sixty years ago, the history of the horse was the history of man. Although the dog has been man's best animal friend, the horse has been much more a part of his civilization than any other of his domesticated animals. A...