Pear decline is a very important phytoplasma disease that causes considerable quantitative and qualitative losses to this fruit crop. Due to economical importance of pear in Isfahan province, Iran, and the difficulty to determine the occurrence of the disease simply based on symptoms in orchards, a detection method for the phytoplasma causing disease in pears in the region was developed. Since ...

The rusticyanin gene from the acidophilic chemolithotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been cloned and sequenced. A central portion of the gene was identified by PCR reactions utilising primers optimised for codon bias followed by nested PCR with degenerate primers. The 5' and 3' ends of the rusticyanin gene were then cloned using degenerate primers to each end and anchor sequences to the know...

This paper presents a hierarchical DNA memory based on nested PCR. Each memory consists of address blocks and a data block. In order to access specific data, we specify the order of the address primers, and nested PCR are performed by using these primers. Our laboratory experiments are also presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed memory.

abrin known as ribosome inactivating protein’s (rip) it is a high cytotoxic plant protein. high lethality and low cost and easy access to plant and seeds lead to this toxin used in crimes and terrorist acts. because obtaining purified toxins requires advanced laboratory equipment and complex procedures, so, it appears that the perpetrators of such crimes use crude extracts. as a result, remaini...

Hemoplasma is a tribal name for epierythrocytic mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma suis and M. parvum which are currently recognized in pigs as causative of porcine hemoplasmosis. Here, we report a real-time PCR assay for differential detection of these swine hemoplasma species by using allelic primers in the16S rRNA gene, and its application to survey for hemoplasma infections in pigs. Universal...

Bartonella endocarditis is a severe disease for which blood cultures frequently remain negative. We tested three PCR assays by using specimens of serum sampled early during the disease from 43 patients diagnosed in our laboratory as having Bartonella endocarditis on the basis of serological, culture, and/or valvular molecular detection. We tested a two-step nested PCR (TSN-PCR), a one-step nest...

background: causing site direct mutation can be one of the efficient methods to evaluate the characteristics and properties of various genes. brucellosis is the most common zoonotic infectious disease that would cause great economic losses. thus, recognition of pathogenic and immunogenic factors in the genus brucella can lead to control this health problem. objectives: considering the importanc...

Cloning of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products into plasmid vectors by conventional methods, relying either on recognition sequences built into the primers or taking advantage of the template-independent terminal transferase activity of Taq DNA polymerase to add an extra adenine to the 3′ end of the product, are often difficult (1,10,12). In recent years, numerous cloning strategies (10,13...