in recent years noise has been well known as an environmental pollution. particularly its effects will be more serious in some environments including hospitals which patients need a calm and peaceful condition. this study aims to evaluate hospitals noise pollution level. this study is a cross-sectional study. noise measurements were made in all hospital wards in a workday and weekend from 8 to ...

PURPOSE To determine the degree of extraneous lipid contamination in defined volumes of interest studied with single-volume proton MR spectroscopy. METHODS Single-volume proton MR spectroscopy was performed on a fat/water phantom and in three volunteers using the stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localization methods. Three different volumes of i...

Reusing filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) has been suggested as a strategy to conserve available supplies for home and healthcare environments during an influenza pandemic. For reuse to be possible, used FFRs must be decontaminated before redonning to reduce the risk of virus transmission; however, there are no approved methods for FFR decontamination. An effective method must reduce the m...

This paper deals with the application of steam to enhance the recovery from petroleum reservoirs. We formulate a mathematical and numerical model that simulates coinjection of volatile oil with steam into a porous rock in a one-dimensional setting. We utilize the mathematical theory of conservation laws to validate the numerical simulations. This combined numerical and analytical approach revea...

Fumaroles, commonly called steam vents, are ubiquitous features of geothermal habitats. Recent studies have discovered microorganisms in condensed fumarole steam, but fumarole deposits have proven refractory to DNA isolation. In this study, we report the development of novel DNA isolation approaches for fumarole deposit microbial community analysis. Deposit samples were collected from steam ven...

Conversion of water into steam is the primary function of a utility boiler. The steam pressure is used to turn a steam turbine thus, generating electricity. Within the boiler drum there exists a steam/water interface. Boiler steam drum water level is one of the important parameters of power plant that must be measured and controlled. For safe and efficient boiler operation, a constant level of ...

In two experiments, 720 broiler strain cockerels were used to determine the effect of pressure and temperature on poultry offal meal (P.O.M.) quality. Poultry offal meals were subjected to 20, 28 and 35 pounds per square inch gauge (p.s.i.g.) steam pressure for <1 or 15 minutes (Experiment 1) and 15, 30 and 45 p.s.i.g. steam pressure for 15 or 30 minutes (Experiment 2). All pressures were allow...

this paper deals with a failure investigation of boiler feed pump’s shaft of a steam power plant. boiler feed water pump is a specific type of pump used to pump, feed water into a steam boiler and is one of most important part of steam power plants. feed pumps failure may cause failure of another part of steam power station, therefore keep them safe is an important problem. there are 12 feed pu...

This study focuses on multi-objective optimization of the PID controllers for optimal speed control for an isolated steam turbine. In complex operations, optimal tuning plays an imperative role in maintaining the product quality and process safety. This study focuses on the comparison of the optimal PID tuning using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) against normal genetic algorithm an...

Since the neutrosophic number consists of its determinate part d and its indeterminate part eI denoted by N = d + eI, it is very suitable for dealing with real problems with indeterminacy. Therefore, this paper proposes the exponential similarity measure of neutrosophic numbers and a fault diagnosis method of steam turbine by using the exponential similarity measure of neutrosophic numbers. By ...