Natural fault surfaces exhibit roughness at all scales, with root-mean-square height fluctuations of order 10−3 to 10−2 times the profile length. We study earthquake rupture propagation on such faults, using strongly rate-weakening fault friction and offfault plasticity. Inelastic deformation bounds stresses to reasonable values and prevents fault opening. Stress perturbations induced by slip o...

Various aspects affecting the steam economy of a raw sugar mill are discussed. Process and prime mover steam requirements are evaluated for a new 600 ton canelhour factory currently under construction at Felixton, and options for achieving a level of steam economy where fibre can be supplied to a downstream paper mill with the appropriate fuel economy are evaluated. The necessity to allow for f...

Devolatilization of solvents from viscous polymer cement is realized through stripping of solvent with steam in stirred vessels or directly by evaporating the solvent from the polymer. The later so-called direct desolventizing is realized in extruders or high volume kneaders. All 3 methods involve additional energy to drive out solvent either by partial pressure through additional steam (steam ...

The dynamics and diagnostics of cracked rotors have been gaining importance in recent years. The present work deals with the detection of crack in rotor system and determination of crack parameters i.e. position of crack, depth of crack using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The detection of crack is based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) plots with 1/3 and 1⁄2 critical peaks as the c...

Introduction Hydrogen as a fuel has recently been an important issue due to developments in fuel cell technology. Hydrogen production from sustainable sources, e.g. biomass, is gaining attention for a CO2 neutral energy supply. Recent developments in flash pyrolysis technologies make it possible to convert lignocellulosic biomass efficiently to a bio-oil, which is easier for handling and transp...

We study dynamic rupture propagation on flat faults using 2D plane strain models featuring strongly rate-weakening fault friction (in a rate-and-state framework) and off-fault Drucker–Prager viscoplasticity. Plastic deformation bounds stresses near the rupture front and limits slip velocities to ∼10 m=s, a bound expected to be independent of earthquake magnitude. As originally shown for rupture...

Computer or communication networks are so designed that they don’t easily get disrupted under external attack and, moreover, these are easily reconstructed when they do get disrupted. These desirable properties of networks can be measured by various parameters such as connectivity, toughness, tenacity and rupture degree. Among these parameters, tenacity and rupture degree are comparatively bett...

In experiments at 600°C in the system NaCI-KCI-H20, within the analytical uncertainty, stoichiometric quantities of C1 and total alkali metals (Na+K) appear to dissolve in steam coexisting with chloride-rich brine at high pressures in the absence of solid salt. In contrast, at lower pressures, where steam coexists with precipitated salts, significant excess chloride as associated hydrogen chlor...

Previous work [1] has shown that MEMS technology has significant potential to create more compact, higherperforming hardware for chemical oxygen iodine lasers (COIL). In COILs, the laser medium is a flowing gas that must be pumped through the system at high mass flow rates to ensure proper system operation. As a result, compact pumps with high pumping rates are a key element of the COIL system....

BACKGROUND Steam inhalation therapy is often recommended in the treatment of a common cold. However, it has no proven benefit and may in fact have serious adverse side effects in terms of burn injuries. AIM To quantify the human and economic costs of steam inhalation therapy in terms of burn injury. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective database study of all patients admitted to the burn centres...