Introduction Hydrogen as a fuel has recently been an important issue due to developments in fuel cell technology. Hydrogen production from sustainable sources, e.g. biomass, is gaining attention for a CO2 neutral energy supply. Recent developments in flash pyrolysis technologies make it possible to convert lignocellulosic biomass efficiently to a bio-oil, which is easier for handling and transp...

In experiments at 600°C in the system NaCI-KCI-H20, within the analytical uncertainty, stoichiometric quantities of C1 and total alkali metals (Na+K) appear to dissolve in steam coexisting with chloride-rich brine at high pressures in the absence of solid salt. In contrast, at lower pressures, where steam coexists with precipitated salts, significant excess chloride as associated hydrogen chlor...

Previous work [1] has shown that MEMS technology has significant potential to create more compact, higherperforming hardware for chemical oxygen iodine lasers (COIL). In COILs, the laser medium is a flowing gas that must be pumped through the system at high mass flow rates to ensure proper system operation. As a result, compact pumps with high pumping rates are a key element of the COIL system....

BACKGROUND Steam inhalation therapy is often recommended in the treatment of a common cold. However, it has no proven benefit and may in fact have serious adverse side effects in terms of burn injuries. AIM To quantify the human and economic costs of steam inhalation therapy in terms of burn injury. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective database study of all patients admitted to the burn centres...

The effects of five different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, grilling, microwaving, and superheated steaming) on proximate composition, pH, color, cooking loss, textural properties, and sensory characteristics of chicken steak were studied. Moisture content and lightness value (L*-value) were higher in superheated steam cooked chicken steak than that of the other cooking treatments such as...

The impact of steam quality, circulation rate and pressure difference between the well pair during SAGD initialization using steam circulation was explored through the use of numerical simulations employing a discretized wellbore model. These operating parameters appear to affect uniformity of reservoir heating, occurrence of steam breakthrough and time required to establish communication betwe...

In this paper, we describe the implementation and usage of a simulation with graphical visualization for a steam-boiler [Abri94]. The simulation imitates the behaviour of the steam-boiler and can be controlled using a simple ASCII protocol. It reacts to defined commands and sends information about its state every five seconds. Furthermore, we describe the options available, the protocol which f...

Hydrogen is getting increasing attention by government and industry leaders, [1], as a very environmentally attractive and clean fuel because its oxidation leads only to water formation. There is abundance of hydrogen in nature, although it is only available for exploitation in a combined state, either in water, hydrocarbons, or coal [2]. Its recovery from these natural resources requires the a...

Abstract A detailed kinetic modeling of the noncatalytic processes thermal pyrolysis and steam carbon dioxide reforming methane revealed almost completely identical kinetics conversion in these processes. This suggests that, temperature range 1400–1800 K, initial stage all is its pyrolysis. The results agree well with experimental data on For examined, Arrhenius expressions (pre-exponential fac...

Coal gasification combined cycle power plants promise lower emissions and higher efficiencies than conventional pulverized coal power plants. Process economics favor compact, high pressure, slagging gasifiers, usually of the entrained type, for most coals. The high raw gas temperature in such plants prevent the use of uncooled metals in contact with the gas. Direct metal/gas contact usually occ...