BACKGROUND In the United Kingdom there has been a long term pattern of increases in children's emergency admissions and a substantial increase in short stay unplanned admissions. The emergency admission rate (EAR) per thousand population for breathing difficulty, feverish illness and diarrhoea varies substantially between children living in different Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). However, there h...

Iterated games are an important framework of economic theory and application, at least since the original work of Axelrod’s computational tournaments of the early 80’s. Recent theoretical results have shown that games (the economic context) and game theory (the decision-making process) are both formally equivalent to computational logic gates. Here these results are extended to behavioural data...

People can apparently make surprisingly sophisticated inductive inferences, despite the fact that there are constraints on cognitive resources that would make performing exact Bayesian inference computationally intractable. What algorithms could they be using to make this possible? We show that a simple sequential algorithm, Win-Stay, Lose-Shift (WSLS), can be used to approximate Bayesian infer...