In this study, a coupled phase field (PF) method for the simulation of crack propagation and martensitic transformations is developed. order to investigate microstructure evolution concept thermodynamic driving force, interfacial energy, elastic kinetic equations are introduced (time dependent Ginzburg Landau equation) [1]. The weak form an algorithm solution corresponding implemented in finite...

In the stationary phase, Bacillus subtilis differentiates stochastically and transiently into the state of competence for transformation (K-state). The latter is associated with growth arrest, and it is unclear how the ability to develop competence is stably maintained, despite its cost. To quantify the effect differentiation has on the competitive fitness of B. subtilis, we characterized the c...

This article studies (multilayer perceptron) neural networks with an emphasis on the transformations involved — both forward and backward — in order to develop a semantical/logical perspective that is in line with standard program semantics. The common two-pass neural network training algorithms make this viewpoint particularly fitting. In the forward direction, neural networks act as state tra...

Ni2FeGa is a relatively new shape memory alloy (SMA) and exhibits superior characteristics compared to other SMAs. Its favorable properties include low transformation stress, high reversible strains and small hysteresis. The first stage of stress-induced martensitic transformation is from a cubic to a modulated monoclinic phase. The energy barriers associated with the transformation from L21 (c...

Dynamical phase separation during a solid-solid phase transition poses a challenge for understanding the fundamental processes in correlated materials. Critical information underlying a phase transition, such as localized phase competition, is difficult to reveal by measurements that are spatially averaged over many phase separated regions. The ability to simultaneously track the spatial and te...

We present a computation of the coherent state path integral for a generic linear system using “functional methods” (as opposed to discrete time approaches). The Gaussian phase space path integral is formally given by a determinant built from a first-order differential operator with coherent state boundary conditions. We show how this determinant can be expressed in terms of the symplectic tran...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) kill cells by perturbing the target's plasma membrane and by inducing the disintegration of the target cell's DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments, a process characteristic of apoptosis. We show that the DNA fragmentation event is distinct from the membrane lysis event and is dependent on the state of target cell activation or commitment into the mitotic cycle. Quie...

We establish a general principle for the tomographic approach to quantum state reconstruction, till now based on a simple rotation transformation in the phase space, which allows us to consider other types of transformations. Then, we will present different realizations of the principle in specific examples.