Nowadays harmonization of sanitary and hygienic standards of environmental quality with international standards is crucial part of integration of Russia into the international community. Harmonization of Russian and international ambient air quality standards may be realized by risk-based standards development. In this paper approaches to risk-based standards development and examples of these a...

Since the last revision of the national particulate standards, there has been a profusion of epidemiologic research showing associations between particulates and health effects--mortality in particular. Supported by this research, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a national standard for particulate matter [less than/equal to] 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)). Nev...

Capillary wireless sensor networks devoted to air quality monitoring have provided vital information on dangerous air conditions. In adopting the environmentallygenerated energy as the fundamental energy source the main challenge is the implementation of capillary networks rather than replacing the batteries on a set period of times that leads to functional dilemma of devices management and hig...

Background: The effectiveness and safety of brachytherapy treatment is mainly concerned with the calibration of sources and their traceability to internationally accepted Standards. Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) does not offer calibration of ionization chambers with gamma-ray spectrum of high dose rate source 192Ir . This work has been carried out to calibrate the high dose rat...

During air-gap formation in interconnects, decomposition process of the sacrificial layer induces deformation of a low-k dielectric cap layer. For analysis of ensuing structural instability, a logistic kinetics model is introduced to describe the removal process of the sacrificial layer, and finite difference method (FDM) is applied to evaluate the deformation behavior of the cap layer. The ins...

Of 188 government-monitored air toxics, diesel particulate matter (DPM) causes seven times more cancer than all the other 187 air toxics combined, including benzene, lead, and mercury. Yet, DPM is the only air toxic not regulated more stringently under the Clean Air Act, as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). One reason is that regulators use flawed standards of scientific evidence. The article ar...