The paper proposes a new color image encryption arithmetic. Firstly, the paper introduces separation of R,G,B components of a color image. Then a new two-dimensional map is presented. A square image is divided into two isosceles triangles according diagonal. Each pixel in a column is inserted to the adjacent column which utilizes the difference of the number of pixel of two adjacent columns. Th...

Satellite altimetric height was combined with approximately 1,000,000 in situ temperature profiles to produce global estimates of upper-ocean heat content, temperature and thermosteric sea-level variability on interannual time scales. Maps of these quantities from mid-1993 through mid-2003 were calculated using the technique developed by Willis et al. [2003]. The time series of globally average...

The spatio-temporal patterns of land use/land cover changes (LUCC) can significantly affect the distribution and intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, few studies have mapped a clear picture of the influence of LUCC on UHI. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative models are employed to explore the effect of LUCC on UHI. UHI and LUCC maps were retrieved from Landsat ...

Three types of HST: square tiling (e.g., Quadtree and Spatial Pyramid), rectangular tiling (HST-RECT), triangular tiling (HST-TRI) Representation Given a set of scene configurations (scene label maps), we present a learning-by-parsing (EM-like) method to learn the HST representation including the branching probability at Or-nodes and the tiling dictionary. E-Step: fix HST and infer parse tree b...

The current global projections of future sea level rise are the basis for developing inundation hazard maps. However, contributions from spatially variable coastal subsidence have generally not been considered in these projections. We use synthetic aperture radar interferometric measurements and global navigation satellite system data to show subsidence rates of less than 2 mm/year along most o...

■ Abstract Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides, predominately 10Be, allow new insights into the ways in which and the rates at which sediment is generated, transported, and deposited over timescales ranging from 103 to 106 years. Samples from rock exposures are used to estimate erosion rates at points on the landscape, whereas samples of fluvial sediment provide estimates of basin-scale rates o...

In this study, the performance of three different self organization feature map (SOFM) network models denoted as SOFM1, SOFM2, and SOFM3 having neighborhood shapes, namely, SquareKohonenful, LineKohonenful, and DiamondKohenenful, respectively, to predict the critical factor of safety (Fs) of a widely-used artificial slope subjected to earthquake forces was investigated and compared. For this pu...

(UMRB) is a major sub-basin of the entire Mississippi River, one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems in North America. The length of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) is approximately 800 miles (1,287 km). The drainage area of the basin is approximately 189,189 square miles (489,980 km2) and contains about 15 percent of the drainage area of the entire Mississippi River Basin. The Basin i...

yield monitoring is one of the essential steps in the implementation of precision farming. yield maps derived from yield monitoring system, clearly show crop yield variations. research reports on preparing hay and forage yield maps are fewer in number and extent than those on grain crop. in this research, a method was developed for estimating alfalfa hay yield from a map developed for a small s...

The precision of multisource national forest inventory (MS-NFI) estimators and simple synthetic estimators based on NFI field data only was assessed employing an independent inventory data set of several small areas in Eastern Finland. There were seven test units of size 100 km2 and three test units of size 1 km2 for which a systematic field sampling was carried out. The ‘improved’ MS-NFI metho...