From the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, and the Palliative Care Service, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital — both in Boston (N.A.C.); the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (N.A.C.); and the Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.D.A.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Christakis at the Depar...

Forty male respondents, 20 batterers and 20 non-batterers comparably matched for education, sex, age, employment, and occupation in a non-probabilistic sample, were administered the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Causal Dimension Scale in order to measure exposure to violence in both family and non-family environments and to determine how respondents attributed the cause of spousal conflict. Th...

BACKGROUND The illness of a spouse can affect the health of a caregiving partner. We examined the association between the hospitalization of a spouse and a partner's risk of death among elderly people. METHODS We studied 518,240 couples who were enrolled in Medicare in 1993. We used Cox regression analysis and fixed-effects (case-time-control) methods to assess hospitalizations and deaths dur...

The process of experiencing the loss a spouse is called one most difficult life shocks. Often this period quite long and includes overcoming processing feelings such as guilt, confusion, fear, others. Also, grieving for can cause serious damage to mental physical health. mourning associated with in which it possible identify features, that is, what distinguishes from other similar emotional sho...

The extraordinary actions of a particular father and son became a popular topic of literati writers during late-Qing times and furthermore fueled an ongoing intellectual dispute. The father, Gong Zizhen 龔自珍 (1792–1841), was a renowned scholar credited by Liang Qichao 梁啟超 (1873–1929) for having initiated the important late-Qing intellectual turn from excessive evidential research to discussions ...

This study examines the hypothesis that aspects of social relations moderate the relationship between SES and health; that is, this association varies with differences along four major dimensions of social relations: instrumental, emotional, and negative support, and network structure. In 1992, 923 white and black respondents aged 40 and over were interviewed as part of the Survey of Social Rel...