INTRODUCTION Nipple fluid aspiration provides direct non-invasive sampling of fluid from the mammary ductal system, where the majority of breast cancers originate. DNA promoter hypermethylation ("methylation") occurs early and at high frequency in breast carcinogenesis, bearing the potential as a biomarker for cancer detection at its earliest stages. We assessed methylation in nipple fluid from...

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of Indian women. Estrogen and Progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. Although a lot of studies have been conducted in the past on hormone receptor expression in breast cancer and few have cor...

Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of BRCA1/2 gene mutations and their relationship with clinical pathological parameters in Uyghur and Han sporadic breast cancer patients in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to detect mutations of the BRCA1 (exons 2, 11 (11A and 11B) and 20) and BRCA2 (exon 11) genes in p...

The BRCA2 gene is mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancer, and its product is implicated in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. Here we identify a protein, EMSY, which binds BRCA2 within a region (exon 3) deleted in cancer. EMSY is capable of silencing the activation potential of BRCA2 exon 3, associates with chromatin regulators HP1beta and BS69, and localizes to sites of repair f...

Background:Dysregulation of HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of several human cancers. According to epidemiological evidences, the risk of susceptibility to breast cancer varies among different populations. This study was designed to determine the transcriptional level of HOTAIR in tumor cells of breast cancer pat...

Background The molecular mechanisms involved in genetic instability, which is a driving force of cancer cells from earlier stages of pathologenesis, are not fully understood. Current evidence shows that overexpression of Pol θ, a “DNA repair” polymerase specialized in the replication of damaged DNA, which is altered in breast tumors, is not a passive agent in tumor development and is able to pr...

A novel gene was identified recently at chromosome 10q23, named PTEN or MMAC1, and based on several criteria it was designated as a potential human tumor suppressor gene. Loss of heterozygosity affecting this region of 10q is observed in several cancer types, especially glioblastoma, and inactivating mutations of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene are found in some of these cancers as well as cell lines and x...

BACKGROUND Hereditary triple-negative breast cancer patients have better recurrence-free survival than triple-negative sporadic ones. High expression of some of the miRNAs is related to worse overall and disease-free survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. The attempt to associate expression level of some miRNA in triple-negative hereditary and sporadic breast cancers to disease spe...

Epigenetic profiling of tumor DNAs may reveal important new theranostic targets to improve prognosis and treatment of advanced cancer patients. In this study, we performed a genome-wide profile of DNA methylation patterns in sporadic breast tumors by using the HumanMethylation27 BeadChips to assess relationships between DNA methylation changes and patient tumor characteristics. The arrays ident...

abstract introduction: cancer stem cells are a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor which are responsible for maintaining the tumor mass. a number of factors such as oct-4 that govern the fate of adult stem cells also play a role in malignant cell transformation. oct-4 is a key regulator of self-renewal in embryonic stem cells; its expression is potentially correlated with tumorigenesis ...