Cortical neurons have been reported to use both rate and temporal codes. Here we describe a novel mode in which each neuron generates exactly 0 or 1 action potentials, but not more, in response to a stimulus. We used cell-attached recording, which ensured single-unit isolation, to record responses in rat auditory cortex to brief tone pips. Surprisingly, the majority of neurons exhibited binary ...

This study aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change and technical progress on the wheat yield per unit area from 1970 to 2014 in Henan, the largest agricultural province in China, using an autoregressive distributed lag approach. The bounded F-test for cointegration among the model variables yielded evidence of a long-run relationship among climate change, technical progress, and the whea...

Several neural codes have been proposed in order to explain how neurons encode sensory information. Here we tested the hypothesis that different codes might be employed concurrently and provide complementary stimulus information. Quantifying the information encoded about natural sounds in the auditory cortex of alert animals, we found that temporal spike-train patterns and spatial populations w...

For improving lodging resistance and increasing grain yield in wheat the Yellow-Huai River Basin China, different sowing modes have been investigated. Conventionally, small-flat-plot mode has adopted cultivation. However, this leads to heavy low land use efficiency. In study, a new mode, high-low-plot with two more rows sowed on high plot, was Two cultivars, Hengguan 35 Jimai 44 were used for s...

Brazilian wheat production is concentrated in the South region and does not fully meet domestic demand for wheat. The Cerrado has become an area of great potential cultivation due to investments genetic improvement research. Thus, this study aimed assess growth grain cultivars savannah soil Roraima, Brazil. experimental design consisted randomized blocks with four treatments five replications. ...

Land devoted to plantation forestry (50millionha) has been increasing worldwide and the genus Eucalyptus is a popular plantation species (14millionha) for its rapid growth and ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. Fertilization is a common silvicultural tool to improve tree growth with potential effects on stand water use, but the relationship between wood growth and water use in respo...

Agnesi F, Muralidharan A, Baker KB, Vitek JL, Johnson MD. Fidelity of frequency and phase entrainment of circuit-level spike activity during DBS. J Neurophysiol 114: 825–834, 2015. First published June 18, 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00259.2015.—High-frequency stimulation is known to entrain spike activity downstream and upstream of several clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets, including the ...