INTRODUCTION Standard management of scaphoid fractures is based largely on tradition and anecdote. Technological advances such as improved imaging, wrist arthroscopy, and cannulated screws are contributing to a rapid evolution in the diagnosis and management of scaphoid fractures and their sequelae. This review outlines some of the controversies surrounding scaphoid fractures, in the context of...

The soluble fraction from rabbit brain was adsorbed on a column of phenyl-Sepharose. By applying a linear gradient with decreasing salt concentration and increasing pH, it was possible to separate calpain I and calpain II from each other and from the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. Both enzymes were capable of degrading endogenously labelled neuronal proteins, including slowly axonally transp...

Fluctuations in the brightness of the background radiation can lead to confusion with real point sources. Such background emission confusion will be important for infrared observations with relatively large beam sizes since the amount of fluctuation tends to increase with angular scale. In order to quantitively assess the effect of the background emission on the detection of point sources for c...

The midand far-IR spectral ranges are critical windows to characterize the physical and chemical processes that transform the interstellar gas and dust into stars and planets. Sources in the earliest phases of star formation and in the latest stages of stellar evolution release most of their energy at these wavelengths. Besides, the midand far-IR ranges provide key spectral diagnostics of the g...

We report on the microscopic surface structure of carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite mirrors that have been improved for the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) and other cooled telescopes. The C/SiC composite consists of carbon fiber, silicon carbide, and residual silicon. Specific microscopic structures are found on the surface of the bare C/...

Congenital absence of flexor pollicis longus without associated anomalies is a rare cause of inability to flex the inter-phalangeal (IP) joint of the thumb. Other causes are: anomalous insertion of flexor pollicis longus (FPL), congenital tenovaginitis of the flexor tendon sheath, partial anterior interosseous nerve paralysis, traumatic rupture of FPL and anomalous bands connecting tendons.1 A ...

Femoral shaft fractures represent approximately 1.6% of all bony injuries in children. There is a first peak in early childhood and a second one in midadolescence. Although femoral shaft fractures are disabling injuries, most heal rapidly without significant complications. Traction and casting were standard treatment up to a few years ago. Duration of hospitalisation was high. Recently however,...