The concept of optical phase discontinuities is applied to the design and demonstration of aberration-free planar lenses and axicons, comprising a phased array of ultrathin subwavelength-spaced optical antennas. The lenses and axicons consist of V-shaped nanoantennas that introduce a radial distribution of phase discontinuities, thereby generating respectively spherical wavefronts and nondiffra...

The wave-front aberration of the human eye was measured for eight subjects using a spatially resolved refractometer (a psychophysical ray-tracing test). The eyes were undilated and presented with accommodative stimuli varying from 0 to -6 diopters. Monochromatic wave-front aberrations tend to increase with increasing levels of accommodation, although there are substantial individual variations ...

Resolution, high signal intensity and elevated signal to noise ratio (SNR) are key issues for biologists who aim at studying the localisation of biological structures at the cellular and subcellular levels using confocal microscopy. The resolution required to separate sub-cellular biological structures is often near to the resolving power of the microscope. When optimally used, confocal microsc...

BACKGROUND Complaints of glare, halos, and disturbances of night vision after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) probably result from changes in the corneal aberration structure induced by the laser ablation procedure. The purpose of this article is to characterize changes in the corneal aberration structure after PRK and to demonstrate the effect of pupil dilation on these changes. METHODS Vi...

Trout lens external shape and internal refractive index gradient structure were measured and used to construct an optical lens model that predicts by ray tracing the average longitudinal spherical and chromatic aberration, focal length and image quality. The nearly spherical shape of the lens was measured from photographs, and the internal refractive gradient structure was measured directly wit...

Purpose. To evaluate decentration following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and sub-Bowman keratomileusis (SBK) and its impact on higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Methods. Prospective, nonrandom, and comparison study. There were 96 eyes of 52 patients who received SMILE and 96 eyes of 49 patients who received SBK in this study. Decentration was calculated 6 months ...

PURPOSE To compare ocular performance and quality of vision in pseudophakic eyes with an aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) or a conventional spherical IOL. SETTING Bretonneau University Hospital, Tours, France. METHODS Twenty patients (40 eyes) were randomly divided in 2 equal groups to bilaterally receive the aspherical Tecnis Z9000 IOL (AMO) or the spherical CeeOn Edge 911 IOL (AMO). Cont...

PURPOSE To evaluate the optical power profiles of commercially available soft multifocal contact lenses and compare their optical designs. METHODS The power profiles of 38 types of multifocal contact lenses-three lenses each-were measured in powers +6D, +3D, +1D, -1D, -3D, and -6D using NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X, Belgium). All lenses were measured in phosphate buffered saline across 8 mm optic zo...

We investigated how the optical aberrations associated with the anterior surface of the human cornea change with age in a normal population. Aberrations were computed for a central part of the cornea (4, 5, and 6 mm in diameter) from the elevation data provided by a videokeratographic system. Measurements were obtained in 59 normal healthy, near-emmetropic [spherical equivalent lower than 2 dio...

The potential capabilities and limitations of single ball lenses for coupling laser diode radiation to single-mode optical bers have been analyzed; parameters important to optical ber communications were specically considered. These parameters included coupling eciency, eective numerical apertures , lens radius, lens refractive index, wavelength, magnication in imaging the laser diode on the be...