In this review the theory and application of Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) since its inception in 1977 are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the strengths and weaknesses, the analogy with particle dynamics and the numerous areas where SPH has been successfully applied. 0034-4885/05/081703+57$90.00 © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK 1703

A complete and detailed knowledge of the structure of the gaseous component in protoplanetary discs is essential to the study of dust evolution during the early phases of pre-planetesimal formation. The aim of this paper is to determine if three-dimensional accretion discs simulated by the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method can reproduce the observational data now available and the ex...

We adapt new schemes of gravitational N-body dynamics and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to the tree N-body/SPH galactic chemodynamics code GCD+. The applied new schemes include the adaptive softening suggested by Price & Monaghan (2007), to improve the self-gravity calculation, and artificial viscosity and thermal conductivity suggested by Rosswog & Price (2007) and Price (2008), to mod...

Multiple-pinhole (MPH) glasses are currently sold in many countries with unproven advertisements; however, their objective and subjective effects have not been investigated. Therefore, to investigate the effects of MPH glasses excluding the single-pinhole (SPH) effect, we compared the visual functional changes, reading speed, and ocular discomfort after reading caused by MPH and SPH glasses. He...

The distal control region of a human U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene promoter contains two separable elements, octamer (OCT) and SPH, found in many vertebrate snRNA genes. Complete distal regions generally account for a 4- to 100-fold stimulation of snRNA gene promoters. We examined the mechanism of transcriptional stimulation by each element when linked to the proximal U6 promoter. Multimers...

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has quickly become one of the most popular mesh-free methods since its introduction in 1977. In the recent years, a great amount of research has been focused on addressing some of the common computational time associated with the SPH method. One of the remaining hurdles is the long computational associated with building the neighbor list. Because of the nat...

Context. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique is a well-known numerical method that has been applied to simulate the evolution of a wide variety of systems. Modern astrophysical applications of the method rely on the Lagrangian formulation of fluid Euler equations, which is fully conservative. A different scheme, based on a matrix approach to the SPH equations is currently being ...

The paper employs a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach to investigate the time-dependent wave breaking processes. The numerical model is the smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method. It is a mesh-free particle approach which is capable of tracking the free surfaces of large deformation in an easy and accurate way. The widely used two-equation k–εmodel is chosen as the turbulence...

A 75-year-old man with chronic pancreatitis presented with painless bloody stool. Computed tomography revealed a splenic vein occlusion with several collaterals towards the descending colon. Colonoscopy showed tortuous varices in the descending colon, which suggested recent bleeding. Sinistral portal hypertension (SPH) due to chronic pancreatitis was diagnosed, so splenectomy and distal pancrea...

BACKGROUND Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease of unknown cause. Although PPH and secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) share many clinical and pathological characteristics, their origins may be disparate. In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), the activity of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels governs membrane potential (Em) and regulates cytosolic free Ca2+ concentr...