Fear of public speaking is very common, but we know little about its implications for individuals and organizations. We establish aversion as an economically relevant preference using three steps. First, use laboratory classroom experiments to show that preferences in vary strongly across with many participants willing give up significant amounts money avoid giving a short presentation front au...

Over the last few years, role of computers has become a controversial issue in language learning. This study was designed to examine the impact of computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy on the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT test taken by Intermediate EFL learners. The researchers intended to find out, which var- iable i.e. computer anxiety and/or self-efficacy would result in better per...