objective(s) the brief interruption of cerebral blood flow causes permanent brain damage and behavioral dysfunction. the hippocampus is highly vulnerable to ischemic insults, particularly the ca1 pyramidal cell layer. there is no effective pharmacological strategy for improving brain tissue damage induced by cerebral ischemia. previous studies reported that pentoxifylline (ptx) has a neuroprote...

introduction: it has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. in the present study the role of nmda receptors located in hippocampal ca1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. methods: male rats were divided into 4 groups. two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal ca1 area. after 5 days recovery, a...

The goal of this work is to extend the theoretical understanding of the relationship between hippocampal spatial and memory functions to the level of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying spatial navigation and episodic memory retrieval. The proposed unifying theory describes both phenomena within a unique framework, as based on one and the same pathfinding function of the hippocampus. We pr...

Previous literature has shown that spatial anxiety relates to navigation abilities (Hund & Gill, 2014). How spatial anxiety effects the spatial-temporal perception of one’s environment is not well known. The present student aimed to examine how spatial anxiety related to the memory of distances and time to landmarks in the surrounding area. Participants completed a battery of navigation questio...

Thirty years of research suggests that environmental boundaries-e.g., the walls of an experimental chamber or room-exert powerful influence on navigational behavior, often to the exclusion of other cues [1-9]. Consistent with this behavioral work, neurons in brain structures that instantiate spatial memory often exhibit firing fields that are strongly controlled by environmental boundaries [10-...

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether Belding's ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) from areas rich in beacons perform differently in a task of spatial memory compared with squirrels from beacon-thin areas. To assess the role of environmental experience in spatial memory, wild-born squirrels with several days of experience in the field were compared with squirrels born ...

971 Editorial—Sheth In this issue of SLEEP, Nguyen and colleagues1 use a novel spatial navigation paradigm to probe the effect of sleep on hippocampus-based spatial learning in humans. The recent surge of research on the influence of sleep on learning and memory began with behavioral studies of perceptual learning2-4 and motor skill learning5 in humans, and neurophysiological studies on rodents...

the present study aimed to examine throwing accuracy and spatial and digit working memory of field dependent-independent participants. the group embedded figure test (geft) was distributed among 320 male students and based on the geft scores, 45 participants were randomly divided into field dependent, field independent and control group (15 participants/each group). the study included two tasks...

background: the effect of ovariectomy and accompanying sudden loss of circulating gonad hormones on spatial learning performance in the young adult rats was examined. we hypothesized that spatial learning and memory in a considerable number of women who undergo a surgical menopause and estrogen deprivation before their natural menopause be impaired. methods: in this study, we used 26 wistar rat...

The Clever Foraging Hypothesis asserts that organisms living in a more spatially complex environment will have a greater neurological capacity for cognitive processes related to spatial memory, navigation, and foraging. Because the telencephalon is often associated with spatial memory and navigation tasks, this hypothesis predicts a positive association between telencephalon size and environmen...