The first signal model for a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-array communication receiver multilevel modulation schemes is reported. This paper proposes novel, generalised SPAD array and noise both digital analogue, synchronous asynchronous readout arrays, which includes the competition between input photons, dark counts after-pulsing counts. With this contention model, signals including v...

the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertigation frequency on lint yield, lint properties, chlorophyll content (spad readings), and the photosynthesis rate (pr) of cotton. this study was carried out in the southeastern anatolia region of turkey in 2011 and 2012 with drip-irrigated cotton. the maximum lint yield (1,856 kg ha-1) was obtained with one lateral for e...

ELECT A fast tracking system is demonstrated that is based on single laser illumination and a few single-pixel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors that improves on the previous tracking of non-line-of-sight motion by a factor of 300 in laser power. With an average illumination power of only 2 mW, a 15 cm ×15 cm object located up to 2.5 m away is tracked whilst outside of the direct l...

There is a growing interest in photoplethysmography (PPG) for the continuous monitoring of cardio-respiratory signals by portable instrumentation aimed at early diagnosis cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it conceivable that PPG sensors working different wavelengths simultaneously can optimize identification apneas and quantification associated heart-rate changes or other parameters dep...

Due to an extreme increase in population growth, Egypt suffers from a widening gap the quantity of imported wheat compared with production and local consumption. Two field trials were conducted during 2018/2019 2019/2020 seasons three levels humic substances (HSs) as foliar spray (1.0, 2.0 4.0 g L?1; HS1, HS2 HS3) (5.04, 7.56 10.08 kg ha?1; HS4, HS5 HS6) soil application. These applied times (3...