We propose the use of dynamic circuits for quenching avalanche events in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays. Two area-efficient, circuit solutions are presented in 0.35μm CMOS technology. These circuits contain no passive elements and consume shoot-through current only at triggering instants. The resulting reduction in power consumption and supply noise is essential to formation of lar...

The determination of leaf nitrogen content (LNC) by indirect methods is essential for silvicultural management forest crops. application photography or rapid measurement equipment, such as chlorophyll index (soil-plant analysis development-SPAD), increasingly used due to its low-cost, ease estimation and accuracy. Therefore, the aim this study was estimate foliar from nondestructive in plantati...

Some vegetables have the ability to accumulate cadmium (Cd)at levels that are toxic most other plants. The objective of thisstudy was evaluate Cd accumulation and its effects on edible vegetables. Three species were tested: watercress (Barbarea verna); chicory (Cichorium endivia); rocket (Eruca sativa) four doses (0; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 mg kg-1), with three replications. We evaluated concentration, f...

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects brassinosteroid on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, SPAD index, and leaf succulence in young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants under salt stress. experimental design randomized complete block, 5×2 factorial arrangement - five levels water salinity (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 dS m-1) × two rates 24-epibrassinolide (0 10-6 m...

In the coming years, farmers will have to deal with growing crops under suboptimal conditions dictated by global climate changes. The application of plant biostimulants such as beneficial microorganisms and plant-derived protein hydrolysates (PHs) may represent an interesting approach for increasing crop tolerance to alkalinity and salinity. The current research aimed at elucidating the agronom...

A shared well 4x4 SPAD array test structure with 3m pitch is realized in a 130nm CMOS image sensor technology. The SPADs have 150Hz median DCR at room temperature at 1V excess bias, 15% peak PDP and 176ps FWHM timing jitter both at 3V excess bias.

A shared well 4x4 SPAD array test structure with 3m pitch is realized in a 130nm CMOS image sensor technology. The SPADs have 150Hz median DCR at room temperature at 1V excess bias, 15% peak PDP and 176ps FWHM timing jitter both at 3V excess bias.

InP-based single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have proven to be the most practical solution currently available for many applications requiring high-performance photon counting at near-infrared wavelengths between 1.0 and 1.6 μm. We describe recent progress in the design, characterization, and modeling of InP-based SPADs, particularly with respect to the dark count rate vs. photon detection ...

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Abstract Given its high nutritional value and capacity to grow in harsh environments, quinoa has significant potential address a range of food security concerns. Monitoring the development phenotypic traits during field trials can provide insights into varieties best suited specific environmental conditions management strategies. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) promising means for phenotyping o...