Physics-based Data Assimilation (DA) has been shown to be a powerful technique for specifying and predicting space weather. However, it is also known that different data assimilation models simulating the same geophysical event can display weather features even if are assimilated. In this study, we used our Multimodel Ensemble Prediction System (MEPS) of DA elucidate similarities differences in...

Simulations of Earth and space weather require the representation and coupling of distinct physical domains in a flexible, computationally efficient manner. There is increasing call to interface Earth and space models, as the interplay of phenomena between these domains is an active topic of basic research, and a key factor in operational prediction systems. Software frameworks have been develo...

The next decadal survey process for space and solar physics will start soon with white papers due during the second half of 2022 committees panels working over all 2023. Space weather science operations play an essential role in this survey. Therefore, community is invited to prepare get involved advancing research capabilities upcoming decades. A summary recommendations related from last two s...

Space weather forecasting critically depends upon availability of timely and reliable observational data. It is therefore particularly important to understand how existing and newly planned observational assets perform during periods of severe space weather. Extreme space weather creates challenging conditions under which instrumentation and spacecraft may be impeded or in which parameters reac...