A major safety concern of human activities in outer-space is the exposure to harmful radiation in the environment. It is well known that radiation can induce mutational damage which can result in diseases such as cancer, and death due to radiation poisoning. Much of our understanding of the effect of radiation on living animals comes from genetic analysis of model organisms. As a well-establish...

Introduction: Despite the extensive use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and therapeutic procedures, development of radio-protector agents is important in modulating normal tissue damages. Hesperidin(HES) is a Flavanone glycoside, belonging to the Flavonoid family in human diet abundantly and noted for its many beneficial effects. The aim of present study was investigated to ...

“If humans ever start to live permanently in space” and to verify whether assisted reproductive technology is safe in space, Wakayama et al. (1) maintained freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa in the International Space Station for 9 mo. While these authors are aware of the risks linked to space radiation, both their rationale and methodology approach raise two concerns. First, protracted exposure to...

1. Space Radiation Environment and Modeling • The Earth’s geomagnetic field and its effect on high-energy, ionizing particles including electrons, protons, and some heavy ions • The Earth's trapped radiation environment and Trapped radiation models, the characteristics of the Van Allen belts and South Atlantic Anomaly • Effects of trapped radiation on spacecraft and components • Space Weather c...

Estimates of the risk of radiation carcinogenesis from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) is reviewed. The NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model (2010) [1-3] was developed as a revision to the model from the NCRP Report 132 (2000) based on more recent epidemiology data and the formulation of track structure based radiation quality factors for solid cancer and leukemia risk...

Tissue consequences of radiation exposure are dependent on radiation quality and high linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation, such as heavy ions in space is known to deposit higher energy in tissues and cause greater damage than low-LET γ radiation. While radiation exposure has been linked to intestinal pathologies, there are very few studies on long-term effects of radiation, fewer involv...