This paper presents two randomized protocols for the problem of electing a \leader" among a set of nodes in an arbitrary multi-hop radio network. First, a variation of the leader election protocol by Bar-Yehuda et al. BGI87] is presented, in which the termination problem is addressed. Then, an eecient randomized leader election protocol in arbitrary multi-hop radio networks is presented. Our el...

While cryptocurrencies continue to gain popularity, their energy cost is increasingly becoming unsustainable. In this paper, we present an innovative scheme which eliminates the burden of the proof of work which is the main cause of the energy waste in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. The scheme is based on a green leader election scheme which guarantees a bounded average number of simultaneou...

A leader election algorithm is an elimination process that divides recursively into tow subgroups an initial group of n items, eliminates one subgroup and continues the procedure until a subgroup is of size 1. In this paper the biased case is analyzed. We are interested in the cost of the algorithm, i.e. the number of operations needed until the algorithm stops. Using a probabilistic approach, ...

trichoderma is a genus of asexually reproducing fungi that is present in all types of soils. trichoderma species have been recognized as antagonists of soil-borne and foliage pathogens and as efficient decomposers of cellulosic waste materials. moreover, they have the ability to increase plant growth and induce plant resistance. along with mycoparasitism, antibiotics and competition, induced re...

background: breakfast is the most important daily meal, but neglected more than other meals by children and adolescents. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention, based on the theory of reasoned action (tra) to increase breakfast consumption among school children in bandar abbas, iran. methods: in this quasi experimental study which was conducted in...

in france, parliamentary elections are divided into two elections: the elections for the representatives of the national assembly and the elections for the senators of the senate. the french constitution council is a competent body to supervise these national and political elections through dealing with complaints and deciding about complaints raised in connection with these elections. the coun...

For autonomous artificial decision-makers to solve realistic tasks, they need to deal with searching through large state and action spaces under time pressure. We study the problem of planning in such domains and show how structured representations of the environment’s dynamics can help partition the action space into a set of equivalence classes at run time. The partitioned action space is the...

This article advances and improves existing post-election audit sampling methodology. Methods for determining post-election audit sampling have been the subject of extensive recent research. This article • provides an overview of post-election audit sampling research and compares various approaches to calculating post-election audit sample sizes, focusing on risklimiting audits, • discusses fun...

The classical and quantum mechanics of isolated, nonlinear resonances in integrable systems with N 2 degrees of freedom is discussed in terms of geometry in the space of action variables. Energy surfaces and frequencies are calculated and graphically presented for invariant tori inside and outside the resonance zone. The quantum mechanical eigenvalues, computed in the semiclassical WKB approxim...