OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of saikosaponin a (SSa) on Glu-activated hippocampal astrocytes of rats. METHODS Neonatal rat (1-3 days) hippocampal astrocytes were obtained and divided into control group, L-Glu activation group and SSa groups with SSa treatment at 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/L. The cell proliferation, cell cycle changes, and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ...

The specific surface area (SSA) is considered an essential microstructural parameter for the characterization of snow. Photography in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum is sensitive to the SSA. We calculated the snow reflectance from calibrated NIR images of snow-pit walls and measured the SSA of samples obtained at the same locations. This new method is used to map the snow stratigraphy. The cor...

Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) has been approved as a model-free technique to analyse time series. SSA can solve different problems such as decomposition into a sum of trend, periodicities, and noise, smoothing, and others. In this paper, we validate abilities of 2D-SSA (the extension of SSA to analyse two-dimensional scalar fields) to treat digital terrain models (DTMs). The study is exempli...

Though much research has been conducted on Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis (SSA) during the last decade, little work has focused on Arabic. In this work, we focus on SSA for both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) news articles and dialectal Arabic microblogs from Twitter. We showcase some of the challenges associated with SSA on microblogs. We adopted a random graph walk approach to extend the A...

Sponsored search advertising (SSA), the primary revenue source of Web search engine companies, has become the dominant form of online advertising. Search engine companies, such as Google and Baidu, are naturally interested in SSA mechanism design with the aim to improve the overall effectiveness and profitability of SSA ecosystems. Due to model intractability, however, traditional game theory a...

Background: Spondyloarthropathies are a group of closely related inflammatory arthritis which involve the axial skeleton and are negative for rheumatoid factor. Objective: This case-control study was conducted to examine HLA- B27 positivity in patients with seronegative spondyloarthritis (SSA) as per ESSG criteria and compare the frequency with healthy controls because a lower positivity is rep...

Advanced communication and information technologies enable smart grids to be more intelligent automated, although many security issues are emerging. Security situational awareness (SSA) has been envisioned as a potential approach provide safe services for power systems’ operation. However, in the cloud master station mode, massive heterogeneous terminals make SSA complicated, failure cannot pro...

Static Single Assignment (SSA) form is an intermediate representation that allows a compiler to perform advanced optimizations to extract parallelism. Predication is an architectural feature to maximize instruction level parallelism. If a compiler uses a predicated SSA form that is a combination of an SSA form and predication as an intermediate representation, it can perform advance optimizatio...

Modern optimizing compilers use the single static assignment (SSA) format for programs, as it simplifies program analysis and transformation. A source program is converted to an equivalent SSA form before it is optimized. The conversion may, however, create a less secure program if fresh SSA variables inadvertently leak sensitive values that are masked in the original program. This work defines...