ABSTRACT Background: Invasion  by  different  kinds  of  ballast  water  microorganisms  is  one  of  the  most important  marine  environment  problems  around  the  world therefore  preventing the  invasion  of  these  unwanted  and  harmful  stowaways  is  one  of  the  main strategies  of  responsible  agencies.  Some  of  these  methods  such  as  ocean excha...

Disinfection by-products were determined in 15 water treatment plants in Beijing City. The effects of different water sources (surface water source, mixture water source and ground water source), seasonal variation and spatial variation were examined. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were the major disinfection by-products found in all treated water samples, which accounted for 42.6% and 38...

epizoochory and endozoochory are well-known mechanisms by which seeds are dispersed by animals. since, livestock gather around the watering-points to rest and drink, we expected to find that seeds would be frequently moved to the areas surrounding watering-points, resulting a higher soil seed density (and diversity) closest to the water. we investigated this issue by assessing soil seed bank de...

BACKGROUND Access to safe drinking water is essential for health. Monitoring access to drinking water focuses on water supply type at the source, but there is limited evidence on whether quality differences at the source persist in water stored in the household. OBJECTIVES We assessed the extent of fecal contamination at the source and in household stored water (HSW) and explored the relation...

The effect of thermal and solutal buoyancy induced by a discrete source of heat and mass transfer in a square duct under the influence of magnetic field, especially at the turbulent regime for the first time is reported. Al2O3/water nanofluid is used with constant heat flux from three discrete heat sources. In the present study, the effects of Reynolds number (100 to 3000), particle volume frac...