Soot, which is produced from biomass burning and the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, has been linked to regional and global climate change and to negative health problems. Scientists measure the properties of soot using a variety of methods in order to quantify source emissions and understand its atmospheric chemistry, reactivity under emission conditions, interaction with so...

The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, "Sir Percival Pott" described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others....

Amultiwavelength  ame emission technique is developed for high spatial resolution determination of soot temperature and soot volume fraction in axisymmetric laminar diffusion  ames. Horizontal scans of line-integrated spectra are collected over a spectral range of 500–945 nm. Inversion of these data through one-dimensional tomography using a three-point Abel inversion yields radial distributi...

Late-evaporating liquid fuel wall-films are considered a major source of soot in spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engines. In this study, model experiment was developed to visualize formation the vicinity evaporating films. Isooctane is injected by multi-hole injector into optically accessible part constant-flow facility at atmospheric pressure. Some impinges on quartz-glass windows and f...

Soot particles, which are aggregated carbonaceous spherules with graphitic structures, are major aerosol constituents that result from burning of fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass. Their properties commonly change through reaction with other particles or gases, resulting in complex internal mixtures. Using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for both imaging and chemical analysis, we measu...

A semiempirical model has been developed for predicting coal-derived soot. The main feature of the model is a transport equation for soot mass fraction. Tar prediction options include either an empirical or a transport equation approach, which directly impacts the source term for soot formation. Also, the number of soot particles per unit mass of gas may be calculated using either a transport e...

Due to increasingly tighter emission limits for diesel and gasoline engines, especially concerning particulate matter emissions, particulate filters are becoming indispensable devices for exhaust gas after treatment. Thereby, for an efficient engine and filter control strategy and a cost-efficient filter design, reliable technologies to determine the soot load of the filters and to measure part...

The build-up of soot deposits on cold wall surfaces is a problem of unknown significance for combustion applications. Soot deposits are due to thermophoretic transport and are generally ignored in theoretical and numerical analysis. We examine here the relationship between the rate of soot deposition and the wall convective heat flux, using both Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy ...

A cascaded feedback control strategy for an industrial vapour-phase axial deposition (VAD) process is investigated in this paper. VAD is a widely used process in the creation of high-purity glass for optical fibre. In previous work a soot tip surface temperature controller was developed for the VAD process to reduce the effects of core soot temperature variation on deposition geometry, leading ...