WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT The subtribe Flaveriinae (Asteraceae: Helenieae) includes a number of plant species sometimes called yellowtops, glowworts, and false broomweed. Different species of this subtribe differ in their chemical pathways involved in photosynthesis. Somes species use a system known as C 3 photosynthesis, some use a system known as C 4 photosynthesis, and others display charac...

This paper is concerned with a stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) optimal control problem on infinite time horizon, regime switching, random coefficients, and cone constraint. To tackle the problem, two new extended Riccati equations (ESREs) horizon are introduced. The existence of nonnegative solutions, in both standard singular cases, proved through sequence ESREs finite horizon. Based this res...

This paper is concerned with a discounted optimal control problem of partially observed forward-backward stochastic systems jumps on infinite horizon. The domain convex and kind horizon observation equation introduced. uniquely solvability forward (backward) differential obtained more extended analyses, especially for the backward case, are made. Some new estimates first given proved critical v...

Dense hyphal mats formed by ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are prominent features in Douglas-fir forest ecosystems, and have been estimated to cover up to 40% of the soil surface in some forest stands. Two morphotypes of EcM mats have been previously described: rhizomorphic mats, which have thick hyphal rhizomorphs and are found primarily in the organic horizon, and hydrophobic mats, which occur i...

The contribution of the organic (O) horizon to total soil respiration is poorly understood even though it can represent a large source of uncertainty due to seasonal changes in microclimate and O horizon properties due to plant phenology. Our objectives were to partition the CO(2) effluxes of litter layer and mineral soil from total soil respiration (SR) and determine the relative importance of...

Exploiting results recently proved in a technical paper (and some of them are reviewed herein in the language of theoretical physicists) we focus on quantization of the metric of a black hole restricted to the Killing horizon with universal radius r0. The metric is represented in a suitable manner after imposing spherical symmetry and, after restriction to the Killing horizon, it is quantized e...

Although we have convincing evidence that a black hole bears an entropy proportional to its surface (horizon) area, the “statistical mechanical” explanation of this entropy remains unknown. Two basic questions in this connection are: what is the microscopic origin of the entropy, and why does the law of entropy increase continue to hold when the horizon entropy is included? After a review of so...

The metric to the two-dimensional dilaton gravity can be writen in an alternative form, similar to the two-dimensional Schwarzschild metric, and allow us the identification of some quantitiies with those equivalent in the Schwarzschild solution. This new form, howewer, presents a non-physical singularity at the horizon in the same way that in the realistic four dimensional case. We show a proce...

Some active galactic nuclei, microquasars, and gamma ray bursts may be powered by the electromagnetic braking of a rapidly rotating black hole. We investigate this possibility via axisymmetric numerical simulations of a black hole surrounded by a magnetized plasma. The plasma is described by the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, and the effects of radiation are neglected. ...