We study here, within the density-functional theory, the magnetic anisotropy energy ~MAE! in Ni2MnGa which is a prototype of a magnetic shape-memory alloy. We calculate the MAE, which is a key property for the magnetic shape-memory effect, for tetragonal structure with different ratios of the c and a lattice constants, reproducing the experimental easy axes both in compression and elongation of...

Irreversible white spot lesion (WSL) occurs in up to 50% of patients during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, orthodontic adhesives need to be able to inhibit or reduce bacterial growth in order to prevent or minimize WSL. This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based orthodontic adhesive containing the antibacterial monomer 2-methacryloxylethyl he...

Objective: To evaluate the dimensions of incisive canal (IC) and foramen (IF) in dentate maxillary anterior edentulous (MAE) individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed MAE aged ≥ 50 years both sexes. Using CBCT, we measured buccal-palatal (BPW) mesial-distal (MDW) widths IF length buccal cortical (BC) palatal (PC) bones an...

A native polysaccharides (RRP) was isolated from Radix Rehmanniae Preparata by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). In the method, the optimized conditions were: the ratio of raw material to water was 1:50 (g/ml); microwave irradiation power was 550W; extraction temperature was 60°C; extraction time was 30min. As a result, the average yield of RRP using MAE was 9.35%, and R.S.D. was 2.15%. Furt...

Various extraction techniques were applied in the extraction of the biologically active constituents. The methods employed were traditional maceration extraction, microwave-assisted extraction(MAE), and ultrasound extraction (UE). Compared to the maceration extraction, MAE and UE methods provided high extraction yield, requiring short time frames and less labour. Microwave irradiation is a prov...

An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was employed in simultaneous extraction of luteolin and apigenin from tree peony pod. The MAE procedure was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and compared with other conventional extraction techniques of macerate extraction (ME) and heat reflux extraction (HRE). The optimal conditions of MAE were as follows: employing 7...

Our genome has evolved to perpetuate itself through the maintenance of the species via an uninterrupted chain of reproductive somas. Accordingly, evolution is not concerned with diseases occurring after the soma's reproductive stage. Following Richard Dawkins, we would like to reassert that we indeed live as disposable somas, slaves of our germline genome, but could soon start rebelling against...

The ganglion cell layer of mammalian retina contains numerous amacrine cells. Many belong to one type, the cholinergic starburst cell, but the other types have not been systematically identified. Using a new method to target sparsely represented cell types, we filled about 200 amacrine neurons in the ganglion cell layer of the guinea pig visual streak and identified 11 types. Ten of these resem...

The morphology and distribution of neurons and terminals that are immunoreactive to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in barrel cortex of the rat and mouse. The morphology of the GAD-immunoreactive neurons located in layer IV of the barrel field resembles that of the large, smooth stellate neurons described previously in Golgi studies. Most of the somas of GAD-positive neurons...

Background The presence of myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with sarcoidosis is a powerful predictor of major adverse events (MAE: death, ventricular tachycardia, or appropriate ICD therapy). In this study, we aim to determine if the burden of LGE, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index (EDVi & ESVi) and ejection frac...