[1] We report a newly created highly parallelized global test particle model for resolving the pickup oxygen ion distribution around Mars. The background magnetic and convection electric fields are calculated using a three-dimensional multispecies magnetohydrodynamic model, which includes the effect of the Martian crustal magnetic field. In addition to photo-ionization, charge exchange collisio...

Recent neutron spectrometer measurements by the Lunar Prospector Mission indicate the presence of unexpectedly high concentrations of hydrogen, possibly due to water ice, at the polar regions of the Moon. The objective of the conducted research was to analyze the solarwind-implanted hydrogen on the Moon in order to interpret the Lunar Prospector results. Previous researchers had created a heliu...

Coronal holes are the lowest density plasma components of the Sun’s outer atmosphere, and are associated with rapidly expanding magnetic fields and the acceleration of the high-speed solar wind. Spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of the extended corona, coupled with interplanetary particle and radio sounding measurements going back several decades, have put strong constraints on possib...

Variations in the solar wind density introduce variable delays into pulsar timing observations. Current pulsar timing analysis programs only implement simple models of the solar wind, which not only limit the timing accuracy, but can also affect measurements of pulsar rotational, astrometric and orbital parameters. We describe a new model of the solar wind electron density content which uses ob...

in order to recognize the wind erosion situation of a region, the survey of its windiness is not sufficient and the physical characteristics of earth are of importance too. in fact, the outbreak of dust storms in a region is due to the sensitivity of earth and domination of wind in that region. in this investigation we have tried to find a way for determining the regions in which a dust storm i...

Introduction: The solar wind reflects the composition of the Sun and physical processes in the corona. Analysis produces information on how the solar system was formed and on physical processes in the co-rona. The analysis can also produce information on the local interstellar medium, galactic evolution, comets in the solar wind, dust in the heliosphere, and matter escaping from planets. Histor...

The Genesis Discovery mission returned solar matter in the form of the solar wind with the goal of obtaining precise solar isotopic abundances (for the first time) and greatly improved elemental abundances. Measurements of the light noble gases in regime samples demonstrate that isotopes are fractionated in the solar wind relative to the solar photosphere. Theory is required for correction. Mea...

Geomagnetic storms and substorms develop under strong control of the solar wind. This is demonstrated by the fact that the geomagnetic activity indices Dst and AE can be predicted from the solar wind alone. A consequence of the strong control by a common source is that substorm and storm indices tend to be highly correlated. However, a part of this correlation is likely to be an e€ect of intern...

Solar wind variability spans a wide range of amplitudes and timescales, from turbulent fluctuations to the 11 year solar cycle. We apply the data quantile-quantile (DQQ) method to NASA/Wind observations spanning solar cycles 23 and 24, to study how the uniqueness of each cycle maximum and minimummanifests in the changing statistical distribution of plasma parameters in fast and slow solar wind....