The phosphorus barrier layers at the doping procedure of silicon wafers were fabricated using a spin-coating method with a mixture of silica-sol and tetramethylammonium hydroxide, which can be formed at the rear surface prior to the front phosphorus spin-on-demand (SOD) diffusion and directly annealed simultaneously with the front phosphorus layer. The optimization of coating thickness was obta...

Transport of plasma from the edge pedestal gradient region into the scrape-off layer (SOL) forms the heat exhaust channel. The properties of this channel are critical for future tokamak devices. The SOL heat-flux width is believed to be set by a competition between classical parallel transport and turbulent cross-field transport. In previous work, [Myra J R, et al. 2011 J. Nucl. Mat. 415 S605] ...

Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) decreases during voluntary contraction of the target muscle. It is unknown whether this effect also occurs with postural contractions. We have compared the effects of voluntary and postural contractions on SICI in the soleus (SOL) muscle. We applied transcranial magnetic stimuli (TMS) in subjects under three tasks: sitting at rest (Rest), sitting w...

in this research, a sol-modified composite electrodeposition technique that combines the sol-gel method with the conventional electrodeposition process was utilized to deposit ni-tio2 nanocomposite coatings. cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques were applied to study the influence of the tio2 sol concentration on the deposits’ electrochemical behavior. the results clearly showed t...

Two distinct topics concerning SOL physics are examined. First, a novel magnetic divertor geometry is presented: 1) inducing a second axi-symmetric x-point downstream of main plasma x-point. For reactor relevant coils, field line lengths from the core x-point to the wall can be increased ~2-3 times, and flux expansion can be increased ~ 5 times. 2) the potential reactor consequences of large SO...

A wide variety of enhanced and modified sol-gel bulk and thin film processes for the development of sensors and biosensors have been witnessed in the last two decades. The porous silica glass material prepared by the sol-gel process is a promising host matrix for the encapsulation of various biomolecules viz. proteins, antibodies, enzymes. The entrapped biomolecules have shown to retain their f...

This paper reports an experimental study on the synthesis and electrochemical properties of InVO4 nanotube arrays fabricated by capillary-enforced sol-filling in templates in combination with solvent-evaporation induced deposition. InVO4 sol was synthesized using the sol–gel route from vanadium oxoisopropoxide and indium nitrate with ethanol as the solvent. Nanotube arrays of InVO4 were prepare...

Application of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to injured peripheral nerves improves axon regeneration, but it is not known whether functional recovery is also improved. Recordings of EMG activity [soleus (Sol) M response and H reflexes] evoked by nerve stimulation and of Sol and tibialis anterior (TA) EMG activity and hindlimb and foot kinematics during slope walking were made to determine whether ...

We determined the effect of muscle contractions resulting from high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) on inflammatory cells in rat tibialis anterior (TA), plantaris (Pln), and soleus (Sol) muscles at 6, 24, and 72 h post-HFES. A minimum of four and a maximum of seven rats were analyzed at each time point. HFES, applied to the sciatic nerve, caused the Sol and Pln to contract concentricall...

Naturally occurring error fields as well as resonant magnetic perturbations applied for stability control are known to cause magnetic field-line chaos in the scrape-off layer (SOL) region of tokamaks. Here, 2D simulations are used to investigate the effect of the field-line chaos on the SOL and in particular on its width and peak particle flux. The chaos enters the SOL dynamics through the conn...