The sol-gel method is a simple and facile wet chemical process for fabricating advanced materials with high homogeneity, high purity, and excellent chemical reactivity at a relatively low temperature. By adjusting the processing parameters, the sol-gel technique can be used to prepare hollow sphere and 1D structural materials that exhibit a wide application in the fields of catalyst, drug or ge...

An optical urea biosensor was fabricated by stacking several layers of sol-gelfilms. The stacking of the sol-gel films allowed the immobilization of a Nile Bluechromoionophore (ETH 5294) and urease enzyme separately without the need of anychemical attachment procedure. The absorbance response of the biosensor was monitoredat 550 nm, i.e. the deprotonation of the chromoionophore. This multi-laye...

Walking is a motor task requiring coordination of many muscles. Previous biomechanical studies, based primarily on analyses of the net ankle moment during stance, have concluded different functional roles for the plantar flexors. We hypothesize that some of the disparities in interpretation arise because of the effects of the uniarticular and biarticular muscles that comprise the plantar flexor...

Modulation of the human soleus H-reflex (Sol. H-R) was studied during voluntary teeth clenching in 11 healthy adult volunteers, to investigate the possible correlation of motor functions between the jaw and body. The following results were obtained: (1) Sol. H-R was facilitated during the maximum voluntary teeth clenching more than during the maximum voluntary efforts in the other parts of the ...

This study was designed to investigate the effects of peripheral arterial insufficiency, exercise, and vitamin C administration on muscle performance, cross-sectional area, and ultrastructural morphology in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (Sol) muscles in rats. Adult Wistar rats were assigned to ischemia alone (isch), ischemia-exercised (exe), ischemia-vitamin C (vit C), and ischemia...

By varying the density of solution-processed lithium fluoride (sol-LiF) nanoparticles at the interface between tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), we have demonstrated that the electronic hole collection efficiency of an organic photovoltaic cell can be optimized through tuning the energy level alignment at the ITO/PEDOT:PSS inter...

One of the most effective corrosion control techniques is the electrical isolation of the anode from the cathode [1, 2]. The chromium oxide (Cr2O3) passivation layer formed on the surface of stainless steel in oxidizing environments is one example. This is the main reason for the durability and corrosion resistance behavior of this particular metal [2, 3]. A more generic approach to enhance cor...

The speed with which muscle energetic status recovers after exercise is dependent on oxidative capacity and vascular O(2) pressures. Because vascular control differs between muscles composed of fast- vs. slow-twitch fibers, we explored the possibility that microvascular O(2) pressure (Pmv(O(2)); proportional to the O(2) delivery-to-O(2) uptake ratio) would differ during recovery in fast-twitch ...

Muscle force can be transmitted via connective tissues to neighboring muscles. The goal of this research is to determine the extent to which this effects force summation between synergists during physiological conditions. This manuscript reviews two studies examining the interaction between synergists in cat hindlimb. Deeply anesthetized cats were mounted in a rigid frame with the foot secured ...