The main reasons for the fixation of some elements and consequently nutrient deficiencies, especially phosphorus, iron and zinc, are high levels of calcium (calcareous soils) and soil pH. Two sulfur fertilizers (sulfur alone and sulfur + organic material + Thiobacillus spp.) with two rates (2 and 4 kg sulfur/tree) were used to decrease soil pH and availability of P, Fe and Zn in apple trees dur...

Heavy metals when present in amounts equal to the geochemical background do not interfere with the soil metabolism, which is associated with the growth and development of soil microorganisms as well as the processes of synthesis and re-synthesis, governed by intraand extracellular enzymes. In the said concentrations, heavy metals do not cause undesirable changes in the development of plants. On...

Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) is not a routine method for the evaluation of the concentration of iron in samples. Due to its great advantage of being a method which does not destroy the sample, it is used when one is dealing with hardly available material, like extraterrestrial samples (e.g., meteorites, lunar soil) or with biological samples, which after the Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements m...

this study was carried out in order to develop a soil fertility database and to assess agricultural soil fertility of country. to this end, 315000 soil test data (more than 50000 soil samples) that provided by laboratories of soil and water research centers in 30 provinces of iran between 2002 and 2012 was collected. results revealed that amount of  plant available  phosphorus and potassium of ...

Bronze mirrors, considered important grave goods, were widely used before glass mirrors in ancient times. Most excavated bronze artifacts are covered with corrosive materials and lose their original colors. More importantly, identifying corrosion characteristics the manufacturing techniques for these essential proper artifact preservation. In this study, Early Iron Age from Korean Peninsula exa...