toodeh party was one of the organized parties in the first days of iran's islamic revolution. this party began its cooperation with the revolutionary forces after 16th polonium and nooraldin kianoori's election as its first secretary. its support from imam khomeini's leadership and the revolution was based on its analysis and understanding of the socio-political forces' posi...

In 2001, Charles Vest, then President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, announced that MIT would make most of its course material freely available online. Browsing the Web site of MIT’s Open Courseware (OCW) project (http://ocw.mit.edu), you feel the stirring of a “my God, it’s full of stars” transformation: you can borrow material for your courses, study other teachers’ teaching me...

The Islamic Revolution of Iran has included symbolic aspects. The fundamental question of the article is that, what are the symbolic aspects of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and why the Islamic Republic of Iran has used these features to influence Islamic countries? Since the bearers of the word and the symbolic goods have the most legitimacy in social and political fields, this revolution has...

At some historical points, all classes and professions of a society, despite all the differences and disagreements, flow into one single stream to reach a higher goal. Iranians have had this historical experience many times throughout history: during the Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911), and also in the Islamic Revolution in 1979. In the Constitutional Revolution, all classes and professio...

A little personal history first. In 1971, at the invitation of la Commission française pour l’unesco, I took part in a colloque at the Centre national d'études spatiales on the use of satellites for education. We or some in the colloque were expecting them to revolutionise education. A few years later, instructional television, pioneered at the Ecole Normale St Cloud and further afield in Niger...