Phase sensitive soft-x-ray microscopy methods enable the study of specimens for which phase effects are a prevalent contrast mechanism. One way to detect these phase effects is to optically implement the radial Hilbert transform by using spiral zone plates (SZPs), which results in the isotropic measurement of the amplitude and phase gradient in a sample. Soft-x-ray microscopy using an SZP as a ...

Nano-composite permanent magnetic material is a new type permanent magnetic material, and it is the synthesis of soft and hard magnetic phase within nanoscale. On the basis of exchange coupling hard magnetizing theory, nano-composite permanent magnetic material can at the same time have high residual magnetization intensity of soft magnetic phase and high coerccivity of hard magnetic phase, and...

The timing of 503 solar flares observed simultaneously in hard X-rays, soft X-rays and Hα is analyzed. We investigated the start and the peak time differences in different wavelengths, as well as the differences between the end of the hard X-ray emission and the maximum of the soft X-ray and Hα emission. In more than 90% of the analyzed events, a thermal preheating seen in soft X-rays is presen...

Exchange-spring nanocomposite permanent magnets have received a great deal of attention for their potential for improved the energy products. Predicted results, however, has been elusive. Optimal properties rely on a uniformly fine nanostructure. Particularly, the soft magnetic phase must be below approximately 10 nm to ensure complete exchange coupling. Inert gas condensation (IGC) is an ideal...

BACKGROUND The scope was to review the three main clinical indications in periodontal plastic surgical procedures. AIMS To review the fundamental principles in periodontal plastic surgery, the main surgical designs in flap surgery applied to the treatment of recessions, peri-implant soft tissue deficiencies and soft tissue ridge augmentation, as well as the surgical principles of using autolo...

Using the local-density approximation, calculating the Hellmann-Feynman forces, applying the direct method and deriving the phonon dispersion relations, the stability of the perovskite-like structures of MgSiO3 at T = 0 have been studied. The cubic Pm3̄m phase shows a dispersion-less soft phonon branch spreading from the R to M points of the cubic Brillouin zone. This soft branch persists up to ...

Footfall patterns and time sequence of activity are described for white rats conditioned to run freely in an activity wheel (which they drive). Motion is described in terms of soft contact, hard contact, soft contact, and flip phases. Duration of stride decreases and length of stride increases from walk to trot to canter to gallop. Myographic analysis shows that the brachialis has a major tonic...

We point out that, in analogy with spin waves in antiferromagnets, all parameters describing the real-time propagation of soft pions at temperatures below the QCD chiral phase transition can be expressed in terms of static correlators. This allows, in principle, the determination of the soft pion dispersion relation on the lattice. Using scaling and universality arguments, we determine the crit...

We present the first implementation of femtosecond soft X-ray spectroscopy as an ultrafast direct probe of the excited-state valence orbitals in solution-phase molecules. This method is applied to photoinduced spin crossover of [Fe(tren(py)3)](2+), where the ultrafast spin-state conversion of the metal ion, initiated by metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excitation, is directly measured using the ...

We study how the quasiparticle picture of the quark can be modified near but above the critical tempearture (Tc) of the chiral phase transition; we incorporate into the quark self-energy the effects of the precursory soft modes of the phase transition, i.e., ‘para-σ(π) meson’. It is found that the quark spectrum has a three-peak structure near Tc: We show that the additional new spectra origina...