In her work, Doris Bischof-Köhler describes how empathically motivated prosocial behavior emerges during the second year of life. From a cross-cultural perspective we argue that this developmental pathway is prototypical for autonomy-oriented sociocultural contexts. BischofKöhler’s theory should be complemented by a theory of situational helping behavior based on shared intentional relations to...

In the target article, Kraus, Tan, and Tannenbaum identify a key feature of the psychological experience of social class—perception of one’s rank vis-à-vis others. This rank-based perspective, which reveals the systematic influence of rank on psychological functioning, makes an important contribution to current and future theories of social class. Drawing out the significance of rank brings soc...

Our aim in this article is to argue that an adequate account of semantic development in early ®rst language acquisition requires a theory and methodology that synthesize the insights of cognitive and cultural linguistics with a Vygotskian sociocultural approach to human development. This involves recasting and extending the notion of embodiment, which is a central philosophical underpinning of ...

this research chiefly focused on the application of mitigation strategies and traditional form of feedback in writing development of the fifth semester university students majoring in tefl and english translation fields based on vygotsky’s sociocultural theory in general and the notion of “zone of proximal development” in particular. to that end, this study relied on a pre-posttest experimental...

This paper is entitled "The Role and Function of the Register in Arena Sociocultural Practices". theme was raised because arena sociocultural communication practices there a hidden peculiarity form deception, which often inconsistent between linguistic aspects behavior. The use register as style rhetoric built not without reason but contains motives, intentions, achievements to be achieved. aim...

examining the planning of cemeteries in the urbanism system of iran does not show a goodcondition. in fact, cemeteries in the most persian cities have become large-scale open spaces outside the city. this couldcause irreparable damage to the cities because of the partial and/or improper use of the capacity of urban lands. alongwith this, historical cemeteries within the cities have been abandon...

The literature on social class disparities in health and education contains 2 underlying, yet often opposed, models of behavior: the individual model and the structural model. These models refer to largely unacknowledged assumptions about the sources of human behavior that are foundational to research and interventions. Our review and theoretical integration proposes that, in contrast to how th...